A&P Character Analysis

In the short story, â€Å"A & P,† John Updike’s character, Sammy, is a clerk at the A&P supermarket. His thoughts, language, and attitude throughout the story indicate he is a narrow-minded, cynical, typical teenager with a strong curiosity in the opposite sex and an extreme sense of detail. The A&P store is located right in the middle of a smaller type town, where everyone knew one another. He interprets one customer as being old, dull and unable to relate to young people only because the customer was elderly, is an example of being cynical. Sammy’s intensive opinions and interpretations proved his lack of knowledge outside the small town. For example, he is disrespectful in his thoughts towards the â€Å"A & P† customers, seeing them as â€Å"sheep† and â€Å"houseslaves. † This is the part that it becomes obvious that he does not care about the customers and is unhappy at his job. Sammy’s aspiration for Queenie, which begins simply as a young man’s attention in a pretty girl, ends up being why Sammy stood up to his boss and quit â€Å"A & P†. Sammy’s unhappiness with his job is shown throughout the whole story with his negative comments about the different people walking through the store. Sammy spoke of his manager having a very fine sense of observation, noting the manager didn’t like the way Sammy smiled. As the girls were leaving the store, Sammy had a vision of how happy he would be to be able to leave the store with them. Thinking quickly, Sammy decided to tell his boss he quit, saying in a loud like voice, hoping to be loud enough for the girls to hear him. After Sammy had said the words I quit there was no way to take back what he had said, it was a done deal, and he couldn’t back out from quitting now. Sammy quickly folded his apron laying it on the counter. Walking out to the parking lot, only to find the girls were gone. His effort of trying to be a hero to the girls by standing up to his boss was not a success. There here stood, in the parking lot, looking in the store window, wondering to himself if he had just made the right choice.

International Financial Integration. Is it worth it

We are witnessing the transformation of meld-20th century managerial capitalism Into global financial capitalism†. This Is what Martin Wolf expressed In an article written for the Financial Times In June 18, 2007. Even after the global economic crawls that followed the next years and from which the world Is still recovering, this statement Is of great relevance.Actually, this crawls Is a good example of how Integrated the world's financial markets have become: a financial crisis that started In some developed countries practically spread throughout the whole world. As Wolf himself hinted in his book Fixing Global Finance, it is obvious why financial crises bounce back from one country to another (2008, p. 25).First, markets are connected globally, both for commodities and financial instruments; second, an unexpected weakness in one country is seen by investors as a weakness for apparently similar countries; third, when governments fail to respond to financial crises as expected , trust in their willingness to act elsewhere will be lost; fourth, a high perception of risk in one market may spread to others; and fifth, the rationing of reedit to risk borrowers can turn a slight instability into a crisis (Wolf, 2008, p. 5). Likewise, Jeffrey Freddie adds that current regulations and technology allow money to travel around borders almost instantly, giving rise to short-term international transactions (Freddie, 1991, p. 428). With such vulnerabilities, to what extent is international financial integration (capital mobility) worth it? To answer this question, this paper will try to explain how and why capital mobility alters economic policymaking by governments as well as the tradeoffs such policies entail.By doing so, it will show the extent to which capital mobility takes policy autonomy away from governments and Indicates how It can affect certain countries more than others. To do so, first the concept of the open economy trillium will be illustrated. Followed policymaking and its interaction with exchange-rate stability and macro-economic independence and the influence this has in different countries.The Unholy Trinity Also known as the open economy trillium or the Mendel-Fleming Model in reminiscence to the economists that first set forth the concept, it indicates that overspent must choose between two of three goals: capital mobility (CM), exchange-rate stability, or monetary independence (Freddie, 2008, p. 347). Giving up CM implies placing capital controls that ultimately close world markets to a country. This is what the Latin American nations practiced from the sass's until the sass's with their import-substitution industrialization (IS') policy (Freddie, 2007, p. 10-312). On the contrary, in a financially integrated world as today, the trade-off is between exchanger stability and domestic monetary policy autonomy. If the latter is referred, the exchanger will have to be allowed to fluctuate. For example, if a government wants to encourage investment and increase consumption, policymakers will pursue low interest rates. Hence, many investors will want to move their investments to another country that offers higher interest rates.When the capital leaves the country, demand for the local currency will 2 decrease and it will end up depreciating; there is no exchange-rate stability (Walter, 2013, p. 22). Conversely, if policymakers prefer exchange-rate stability, they need to subject monetary policy solely to this goal. To neutralize depreciation or appreciation, interest rates still have to be lowered or increased, but they cannot be used for domestic objectives such as encouraging investment or promoting a rise in consumption (Walter, 2013, p. 22).With this model in mind, I now pass to explain how and why CM alters autonomous economic policymaking by governments, first by indicating its influence and then by explaining its interaction with the other two goals of the economy trillium. Influence of CM in nationa l economic policymaking worth asking: what are the benefits of CM that make it incontestable in today's world? Benefits of CM For one part, CM allows countries to borrow from the rest of the world in order to improve their ability to produce goods and services (Newly, 1999, p. 1 5).In doing so, goods and services from other parts of the world compete in local markets. This creates a more competitive environment, driving down profits and forcing companies to seek finance from outside (Wolf, 2008, p. 22). Due to the increased competitiveness, a global financial system can benefit the quality of domestic regulation: there will be pressure for better accounting 3 standards and an improved legal and financial system (Wolf, 2008, p. 3). In this sense, it will encourage companies to lobby for a more efficient, flexible and accessible financial system (Wolf, 2008, p. 3). Linked to competition, such financial systems can encourage governments to re- think' their policies (avoid requesting to o much taxes or allowing too much inflation, for example) and prevent capital outflows (Wolf, 2008, p. 23). Also, CM allows risk diversification and technology transfer (Wolf, 2008, p. 23). Furthermore, in many developing countries the economy is not big enough for its citizen's savings to finance world-level institutions. This is an important argument for allowing the presence of foreign banks (Wolf, 2008, p. 23).For example, between 1960 and 1980 South Korea annually requested funds from international sources equivalent to 4. 3% of its GAP to finance its strong economic growth (Newly, 1999, p. In addition, capital flows allow countries to avoid large drawbacks in consumption from economic crises by selling assets to and/or borrowing from outside sources (Newly, 1999, p. 1 5). It was precisely through foreign lending that Mexico and Argentina were able to overcome their 1995 crisis (Grumman, 2008 p. 51). All in all, capital flows can be beneficial for a nation.However, this type of global integration is likely to generate crisis if pursued with a low level of economic development (Wolf, 2008, p. 24). Citizens in developed countries may have enough savings within the national financial system to allow their governments to leverage enough investment and growth. However, developing countries will most likely depend on capital inflows for this and even more urgently when an economic imbalance occurs. Hence, many countries in the past have used capital controls to limit the harmful effects (Grumman, 2008, p. 107).Pinpointing on this last issue, what leads a country to prefer a fixed exchange-rate and monetary autonomy over CM? In short, the control of capital flows helps a country have economic stability (Newly, 1999, p. 21). As investors have limited information about the true value of the assets they hold in the country, they tend to infer from the actions of others, creating a herding behavior, where asset price variations cause further changes in the same dire ction, leading to a boom-bust cycle and macro-economic instability, hence Justifying capital controls (Wolf, 2008, p. 25).There are different ways this is sought by today's governments. Control of CM First, capital controls may be used to discourage capital outflows in the event of a crisis, allowing the central bank (CB) to have invulnerability with domestic monetary policy. This is how Malaysia responded to its 1998 crisis (Newly, 1999, p. 19). -. Second, economic stability can be achieved by preventing destabilize outflows in the first place, in other words, changing the composition of capital inflows (Newly, 1999, p. 21). Through capital inflow controls, the government helps prevent future and sudden outflows by investors.This is what Chile practiced in the sass's. By scrounging capital inflows, Chile was able to limit the number of volatile capital that could have left the country on short notice (Newly, 1999, p. 21). 5 Likewise, at present the International Monetary Fund (MIFF ) is recommending capital flow management measures after exhausting interest-rate adjustment and if implemented alongside foreign exchange-rate reserves accumulation and macro- prudential financial regulation (Gallagher, 2012). As mentioned above, the aim of CM controls is macro-economic stability.I will now further explain the reasons why CM causes economic instability in the first place. There are two reasons: either they are the result of irresponsible behavior in the markets or of bad policies by local authorities (Change, 1999, p. 7). The former reason has to do with human attitudes: while in economic boom, there is excess of greed; in recession, there is excess of fear (Wolf, 2008, p. 21). This leads, as explained above, to the panic and herding effect. Market that make it inherently risky – adverse selection, moral hazards, and asymmetric information (Wolf, 2008, 19).The unfortunate intervention of a government (wrong or bad fiscal and/or monetary policies) often makes them even sees safe, as is the case of poor fiscal discipline added to a lack of monetary discipline (Wolf, 2008, 22). Likewise, mistakes in exchange-rate policy can greatly affect the financial market as will be described in the next section. Both of these reasons affect the other two goals of the unholy trinity: exchange-rate stability and monetary independence. We will be able to see this by explaining the interactions of CM with these two other goals.Interaction of CM with exchange-rate stability and macro-economic independence 6 To provide a sense of how CM interacts with exchange-rate and macro-economic lollygagging, different scenarios are analyzed: fixed vs. fluctuated exchange-rate and the efficacy of monetary and fiscal policies. First, the efficacy of fiscal policy in a country with a fixed exchange-rate and CM will be considered. Supposing that a government seeks to stimulate national income, it will pursue an increase in aggregate demand by increasing government spendi ng and/or reducing taxes.Consequently, interest rates will go up and an inflow of capital from abroad will arrive. This capital inflow would lead to an excess supply of foreign currency. Therefore, as the exchange rate is pegged, the country CB would have to ay that excess supply with national currency, thus stimulating the national income even more. Although this might seem ideal, the ultimate consequence is a detriment of the country international competitiveness: exports would become more expensive to the world and imports cheaper for the locals (Greece, 2003, p. 87).Accordingly, international investors would lose confidence in the government's capacity to sustain a current account deficit brought by the capital inflow, as well as probable price inflation due to the fiscal expansion , and move their money somewhere else (Greece, 2003, p. 7). Now with a capital outflow, the CB would seek to raise interest rates, which leads to a decrease in investment and consumption, thus reducin g aggregate demand and counteracting the national income stimuli (Greece, 2003, p. 87). From a monetary policy perspective, the prospect is not positive either.If the economy wants to be stimulated, the CB would have to reduce interest rates which currency would exceed its demand, and in order to maintain its peg the country CB would have to buy the excess with 7 its foreign exchange reserves. The national currency reduction circulating in the economy and the consequent increase in interest rates and decrease of income and consumption would end up cutting the national income stimuli also (Greece, 2003, p. Now, considering a flexible exchange-rate and, again, supposing a fiscal policy intended to boost national income and hence a rise in interest rates, the country would expect capital inflows.Therefore, there is an increase in demand for the national currency, which would appreciate in value, causing imports to be less expensive in the local market and exports more expensive abroad. Accordingly, the country would lose in international competitiveness and the probable reduction of sports (because they are now more expensive for the world) would decrease national income (Greece, 2003, p. 88). On the other hand, regarding monetary policy with a flexible exchange-rate, some political scientists consider that it has strengthened as the world has become more integrated (Greece, 2003, p. 89).When a government's goal is an increase in national income, the natural response is to lower interest rates. This would provoke a capital outflow from the country, which in turn brings depreciation of its currency and hence a competitive edge in the international market. This effect would increase aggregate emend and national income even more (Greece, 2003, p. 89). However, policy preferences of economic interest groups differ within a country (Freddie, 1991 , p. 432 and Walter, 2008, p. 406). Therefore, those who depend on imports, for example, will prefer a stronger local curre ncy (Freddie, 1991, p. 45). This is, for example, Thailand experience with its 1997 economic crisis (Walter, 2008, p. 422). Thailand economy was, and still is, export-oriented. However, in 1997 the majority of its exporters produced industrial goods that needed imported inputs. Therefore, the depreciation ad no real competitive effect (Walter, 2008, p. 422). 8 Developing countries and CM As economic and financial markets in developed countries provide more stability to investors, as seen with the above interactions developing countries are more externalities on recipient countries (Gallagher, 2012).In this sense, regulating CM is an optimal tool to address market failures and enhance growth, not worsen it (Gallagher, 2012). Conclusion International financial integration alters national economic policymaking. This can be understood by first looking at the Mendel-Fleming Model and the influence and interaction of CM with exchange-rate stability and macro-economic independence. In toda y's world, CM has priority over the two other goals. However, there are certain traits that can lead a country into an imbalance or even a deep crisis, especially for developing countries.Hence, the level of openness to CM must be studied against the economic development of the country and its financial health. Countries are the custodians of national economic stability and well-being.

Argumentative Essay On Drinking Water Shortage Environmental Sciences Essay

Argumentative Essay On Drinking Water Shortage Environmental Sciences Essay Although most of the earth’s surface is covered with water, water shortage is a serious threat to the survival of humanity at present and in future. There is a water crisis which faces many parts of the world and it is a threat to survival of human beings since humans are primarily dependent on water. Shortage in drinking water is a major problem facing developing countries which have not taken drastic steps to harvest water and purify it to make it safe for human consumption. However, this problem is also being increasingly felt in developed countries where the population growth has strained available water resources and stretched the ability of governments and private firms to provide safe drinking water to the population. There are many conflicts around the world where people have died or have been injured as a result of clashes over a water resource. Most of these conflicts have occurred in Asia and Africa where most developing countries are located (Gleick 17-22). When h umans clash over resources, this underscores the seriousness of the issue and calls for drastic actions to be taken to solve the problem. Shortage of drinking water is therefore an issue which must be investigated in detail and solutions developed to curb this problem. There are various causes of shortage of drinking water and most of these are attributable to human activities. These include such activities as deforestation and pollution which contribute to global warming, misuse of the water resource and groundwater contamination among others. It is important to develop solutions to this problem if future generations are to survive. This paper aims at analyzing the shortage in drinking water resource, its causes and solutions which should be implemented to solve the problem. The discussed issues will be summarized at the end. Shortage in drinking water It has been discussed that there is shortage of drinking water in various regions across the world. In many developing countries, p eople do not have access to drinking water due to various reasons. In some cases, water resources have dried up while in others, they are polluted. As a result, there populations especially in Africa face many water-borne diseases mainly due to pollution of water resources. Human activities such as population growth and industrial activities have further strained water resources and caused a shortage of drinking water. As a result, there are many conflicts over pastures or water resources and these lead to injuries or fatalities (Gleick 17-22). As mentioned earlier, this underscores the importance of finding a solution to the problem of shortage of the water resource. In the United States, there is pressure on available water resources since half of water collected is usually used in electricity generation, leaving the population to share the little left. There are already calls for charging water resources in order to increase efficiency of use (CQ Researcher 531-550). Although wat er protection has been implemented for years, there is still water pollution occurring within the United States. After the Civil war, America strived to provide its population with clean water and its water treatment system was and is still is one of the best globally. However, industrial revolution led to the pollution of water resources, leading to shortage of clean drinking water. Other external factors such as effects of global warming have also put a strain on available water resources. It is important to understand how shortage of drinking water occurs and its causes. These will be discussed in the section below;

Just 3 questions for Organizational Behavior class Essay

Just 3 questions for Organizational Behavior class - Essay Example I will be able to understand the behavior of my employees, and its impact on my organization’s performance. I will be in a better position to handle areas such as absenteeism, employment turnover, productivity, and performance at my workplace. As, a manager in the near future, I will be responsible for managing and leading a team. With learning from this class, I will be able to understand my team member’s attitude, behavior, and motivate them. I will be able to create a sense of higher job satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. This in turn will help me to get low turnover and absenteeism, higher productivity. Answer2.) Performance is a function of three variables: Ability; Effort and Opportunity to Perform. In order to boost performance, it is necessary to make sure that all three factors are adequately present. Ability can be defined as an individual’s capacity to performance various tasks in a job (Robbins and Judge, 44). Ability affects the performance through the ability-job fit. The first step to be improving the fit will be to have in a place an effective selection process. A thorough job analysis will enable the employees to understand the abilities that are needed to perform that job. Applicants shall be tested, and evaluated on the degree that they posses the necessary abilities to perform the tasks of the job. The ability-job fit can be improved by making minor modifications to the job to match the abilities of the employees. The tasks of the job can be modified in such a way that it is suited to the specific talents of an employee. For example, the tasks may be changed from manual to a computer system for an employee who is efficient in using computers. The ability of an employee may also be increased by training him to the tasks, tools, and techniques of the job that he is doing. Mentoring within the organization can have a large influence on the ability of an employee to work on a job. Answer3.) In today’s

Inflation trends QATAR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Inflation trends QATAR - Essay Example Qatar is the world’s top liquefied natural gas exporter (Reuters, 2011). The economy of Qatar has a policy of maintaining prices and currency stability. Since the early eighties, â€Å"by stimulating economic policies the monetary policy of Qatar was directed†In specific, the average inflation rate of this period was relatively low. For the period of 90s, the rate was at 2.25% that was due the defensive actions of the central bank. However, the Qatar economy is somewhat pegged, because it maintains its currency at a fixed rate. The major objective of the central bank was to maintain the rate as (Q.R 3.64= $1) (Abdulrazaq, Shotar, & Al-Quran, pp. 118-126, 2003). However, the trends show that inflation in Qatar was falling in the eighties. The reason behind this was that there has always been government intervention due to which it was controlling the inflation prices by having an influence on the money supply. Qatar was experiencing a downtrend in inflation until 2004 wh en the long termed deflationary trend ended (Inflation Data, 2010). (Trading Economics, 2010) Inflation in the Gulf Cooperation Council continued to rise with each of the members experiencing a double-digit rise in prices. However, Qatar is one of the countries that have been under most impact due to the increase. The led the government to enact unprecedented protectionist policies (Hassan & Nakibullah, pp. 1-5, 2008). Qatar experienced 15% inflation in 2008. It is an assumption to have the fastest growing economy in the Gulf Cooperation Council and is an assumption to experience the least changes in inflation this year as well as the next. In December 2010, â€Å"Qatar returned to inflation due to which the costs of living rose to 0.4 percent† (Merzaban, 2008). This was so because there was a rise in the prices of clothes, transport, and entertainment. Similarly, on the other hand, rental and energy costs fell. However, deflation is easing in Qatar in recent years because â €Å"the OPEC member’s economy recovered from a slowdown in 2009 when prices fell from 4.9%† (Merzaban, 2008). However, prices in November remained flat. The three major factors, which contribute in the soaring of the inflation rates in Qatar specifically, are the high levels of government spending, growing demands of housing, because of which the prices of the houses and rents are pushed up, and the pegging of riyals with dollars, due to which the interest rates are falling (Whiteman, 2008). If practically take each factor into account, we come to a conclusion which says, that when there is a general rise in government spending, so this pushes up the aggregate demand, which is one of the causes of inflation taking place. Taking the other factor into account- there is an increase in the demand for housing means that more people are there, which means that increased population, which again increases the aggregate demand, hence pushing the inflationary prices. Furthermore , when one converse about the riyals being pegged against the dollars, this means that the government is holding back its reserves in order to control the prices, which eventually extinguishes and hence this leads to a boost in prices causing inflation in the economy (Whiteman, 2008). Another reason for growing rates of inflation in Qatar is that Qatar is the world’s largest exporter and trans-shipper of Liquefied Natural Gas. In addition, it will remain the fastest growing economy despite the lower oil prices. Due to being the largest exporter of Liquefied Natural Gas, the economy can experience increased rates of currency, which will lead a general increase in prices and hence inflation (Reuters, 2011). The increased rates of inflation that have taken place are mostly due to the higher global food prices. Food is a necessity and due to the increased populat

Evaluate the effect of the technological change on the business Essay

Evaluate the effect of the technological change on the business environment of ''TOYOTA IN THE EU'' - Essay Example Notably, technological environment is interlinked with other attributes of an economic environment, such as regulatory policies, GDP growth rate and demand of national as well as international market. These components have been recognised to be changing in the European economic environment. For instance, technological environment of the European Union (EU) has been noticed to favour nanotechnology and communication technology rather than other technological innovations. Consequently, this shall have a great impact on the performance of businesses which are entirely based on the technological environment, e.g. Toyota. With this concern, objectives of the paper shall be to assess various changes occurring in technological environment of the EU economy and its impact on the performance and/or organisational operations of Toyota in EU. The discussion of the paper will be thereby focussed on identifying opportunities and challenges which are likely to be witnessed by the company due to th e technological change in its business environment. Subsequently, the paper shall also intend to recommend few significant measures for the company. 2.0. Changes in Technological Environment of EU In modern day perspective, economic environment and its components possess a crucial role in influencing the growth of an economy. Few major components of economical environment of an economy are its political, economical, social and technological environment. Most economies, along with the EU have become largely depended on its technological growth which defines environmental aspect as one of the most crucial phenomenon of 21st century. Evidences reveal that technological environment of the EU is changing rapidly with a strong influence on social and economical environment at large. For instance, the member countries which are part of the European Union, such as Denmark, Germany and Poland are recognised to be largely depended on coal industry. Consequently, these economies release higher amount of greenhouse gases and generate larger amount of heat than other economies in the union. On the contrary, technological trends of the union are recognised to be focussed on NBIC technology, i.e. biotechnology, nanotechnology, information and communication technology and cognitive science. This forced the countries to set up end-of-pipe technologies, which in turn shall reduce hazardous impact of technological development on natural environment of the union (Eurostat, 2010). Another major trend of the technological environment of the European Union was the enforcement of tax on NOx in Sweden and similar taxation policies on technological practices which are harmful for environment in other countries. Remarkably, almost 7% of technology based firms of Sweden initiated to imply the available ‘abatement technologies’ in 1992 and one year later, number of firms using these technologies increased to 62%. Thus, the taxation policies also had a great influence on busin ess sector of the economy (OECD, 2010). With a growing concern of eco-friendly technology, regulatory framework of the union is also promoting eco-technology and innovations. Due to this fact, most technology based companies are tending to incorporate renewable technologies in their organisational operations. Governing bodies of the union also enforced

FTIR Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FTIR - Lab Report Example Different bonds in the molecule of these compounds give respective frequencies which are referred to as the wavenumber (Skoog 2007). As the technique developed, it is also now used for quantitative determinations. This experiment aims to provide knowledge in the use of FTIR in qualitative and quantitative applications. Quantitative determination of the xylene isomers is done through linear regression of the peak responses at the respective bands of the xylene isomers. In the experiment, a Perkin Elmer Spectrum One FT-IR Spectrometer was used. Qualitative analysis was done on the first part, and a quantitative test was conducted for the second part where the concentration of an unknown was determined using the known concentrations of m-xylene and p-xylene standards. Qualitative Determination. For the qualitative test, five different materials were scanned; namely polystyrene, polyethylene, polyacetate, cyclohexane and acetone. A background spectrum was first done on the FTIR spectrometer with range from 4000 – 500 cm-1, then the polystyrene was scanned once, then four scans, then sixteen scans. The effect of the number of scans was determined from this step. Five scans each of polyethylene and polyacetate films were done. The parameter was then changed to 4000 – 450 cm-1, then a NaCl liquid cell was placed in the steel frame. Background measurement was again conducted then the cell was filled with cyclohexane. The spectrum of cyclohexane was measured five times. The cell was then cleaned by pushing the liquid out using a syringe and collecting it on a paper towel. The cell was then rinsed with acetone and dried until there was no more detectable contaminant in the spectra. Acetone was then placed in the cell, and its spectra measured five times. Quantitative Determination. Solutions of m-xylene and p-xylene were prepared using cyclohexane as diluent at concentration levels ranging from 0 –

The Existence of God Presented by Anselm and Aquinas Personal Statement

The Existence of God Presented by Anselm and Aquinas - Personal Statement Example The most vital objection to the Aquinas argument is that except people recognize that principle 2 of his argument is factual, the argument falls short. If the cosmos is substantially old, for example, everything could certainly be created by something else prior to it; the succession of causes may possibly go back perpetually. However, perhaps more prominently, one might grasp that the argument does well without considering that God continues living. There could be numerous uncaused causes such as various gods, state; the uncaused source might be an obtuse, uncongenial force. The argument articulates that God is needed to elucidate the subsistence of the cosmos, but presents no enlightenment for why God continues living. If an individual appeals to God to give reasons for there being a universe instead of nothing, another question would be raised giving reasons for there being a God instead of nothing, and the basic question, of reasons for there being something instead of nothing re mains unrequited either way. Therefore, a potentially absent God to elucidate a cosmos that we recognize exists should not be invoked (Melchert 122). It is unreasonable to argue from foundations within the cosmos to that the world itself has a basis, as it is too gigantic a jump. The thought of a primary mover or a cause that is uncaused would be objected because it would suggest having to step on the outer surface the cosmos to view it, which is impracticable. The creation of the cosmos can be faced up by arguing that what reason could there be for the globes’ subsistence goes back to perpetuity. People as human beings do not have adequate comprehension of the globe being created, to bring to a close that it cannot go back to perpetuity (Melchert 136). Furthermore, since people do not have the capacity to experience God subsequently, he does not manifestly continue living. In addition,

Strategic managiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic managiment - Essay Example DeBeers provides employment to more than 23000 employees worldwide and the main objective of the company is to make high quality diamonds and make a lasting contribution on the community (DeBeers, 2013h). The company has two major shareholders Anglo American with 85 percent holding and Government of the Republic of Botswana with 15 percent holding (DeBeers, 2013k). The DeBeers group of companies constitute of wholly owned subsidiaries, investment and partnerships in diamond making. The major tasks of DeBeers include exploration of diamonds and mining activities in three major diamond producing countries like Botswana, Namibia and South Africa. The company also specializes in sorting, valuation and sale of rough diamonds and the development of synthetic diamonds for major industrial applications (DeBeers, 2013e).The study will deal with the strategic analysis of DeBeers and its outcome during the tenure 2008 to 2009. The author of the study will also conduct a PESTLE analysis which wi ll highlight the impact of the external and internal forces on the business activities of De Beers. Finally, the study will also conclude with an analysis which would help in identifying the internal and external resources of the company. Analysis of Business Environment & Success factors of DeBeers The business environment analysis also helps the company in adapting a particular marketing environment and also the way it responds to certain environmental circumstances (Shaikh, 2010). The Porter’s Five Forces Model will be a significant macro environment analysis which will help in understanding the impact of the external and internal forces in a direct and indirect manner. Bargaining Power of Buyers: Diamond is regarded as one of the most precious and valuable jewellery item in UK and is also the most coveted jewellery in the world. As per a survey conducted by the Bain and Company it was analyzed that diamond was the most coveted jewellery among women in UK in the year 2008 (Bain and Company, 2011). In the same survey conducted in the year 2008 it was also observed that that at least 65 percent of the UK household owned at least one diamond jewellery in the household (Bain and Company, 2011). This reflects that in spite of recession in the UK the common people preferred investing in valuable jewellery like diamond and also regard it as a valuable gifting item. Since, diamond is one of the most valuable and requires extensive maintenance, the price of diamond is quite high and seldom there is any bargaining while purchasing the product. The bargaining power of the buyers is not very high in this industry. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The supplier forms an integral part in the diamond industry because they helped the diamond companies in 2008 to maintain timely delivery of the jewellery for industrial and consumer applications. The suppliers are responsible for supply of crude diamond to the warehouses for cutting purposes and also for the supply of th e polished diamond in the retail shops. The bargaining power of suppliers in this industry is high. Threat of Substitutes: Although, compared to the other jewellery items diamond is regarded as one of the most valuable items in the world jewellery items like platinum and silver cannot be replacement for diamond. However, preference is given to diamonds and the threat of substitutes was very low in the industry. Due to

Place Before And After Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Place Before And After - Essay Example The kids in the neighborhood just loved to play sports in the park, families go on fishing, mothers do their groceries and the rest of the town dwellers just walk the streets for some fresh air even in the night as it was safe and well crowded. This was the best place for me, and I intended to pass it on to my future family the things, events and the values I loved which my father shared with me. However, these perceptions of mine in the said town did not seem to last as I saw a different place 15 years after. The change of the said town motivated me to discover the reasons as to why this paradise town and an ideal place to be in before, suddenly turned into a place where nobody would prefer to be in now. The town's safety, people, perceptions, and environment took its downturn from the time I enjoyed it 15 years ago. The ideal place for safety, celebrations, cleanliness, family values, hospitality, and peace now turned into a meeting place and fighting arena of gangsters and alike. The once clean and safe streets now turned into a drastic place of murderous acts, piles of garbage with beer and bottle cans scattered everywhere. The once happy and peaceful park is now known to be a graveyard of murdered gang members and even old folks of the said town, which were killed out stolen valuables. The celebrations such as holidays and Thanksgiving have once celebrated freely anywhere in the town, but now it is advised and preferred for residents to stay in their homes when celebrating these events.

Sailing Ship Effect Essay Example for Free

Sailing Ship Effect Essay MGMT002: Technology World Change AY 2009-2010, Term 2 Student Paper Review, Howells (2002) The response of old technology incumbents to technological competition sailing ship effect exist? Prepared for: Dr Terence Fan Prepared by: Nicole Isabella Aw Su Sien (G14) Does the Howells presents the audience with a critical view of the sailing ship effect and postulates that it is triggered by misinterpretations based on insufficient knowledge, and that the mer. This sailing ship effect is the rocess whereby the advent of a new technology engenders a response aimed at improving the incumbent technology. I am inclined to Howells view and will further demonstrate this below. There is evidence to believe that the sailing ship effect is existent in the world today. Cooper and Schendel (1988) considered 7 different cases and I would like to focus on the case between vacuum tubes and the transistor. A simple timeline of the development of the vacuum tubes has shown that the old technology (vacuum tubes) ontinued to be improved and reached its highest stage of technical development only after the new technology (transistor) was introduced. Nonetheless, there is still insufficient evidence to definitely conclude that the sailing ship effect did take place. The sailing ship effect is challenged due to the number of externalities involved in the technological development of any product, making it difficult to conclude that accelerated improvements made by incumbent technology is driven solely by the emergence of new ones. Granted, there is a timely connection between the arrival of new technologies and the accelerated improvement of old ones, however, one must question the genuine motivation for this action (government funding, normal intra- industry competition, lock-in effect or arrival of new technology). The Flettner rotor ship, for example, was a government-inspired project. Research and Development (R;D) is essential in the improvement of any technology. The availability of funds is a problem many firms face, however, with high barriers to entry coupled by inancial support from the government, it is not difficult to understand how this could provide the impetus for accelerated improvement of a technology as a firm would want to gain monopoly in the industry. In the Alkali industry, the Claus-Chance process was already in the works before the threat of the Leblanc process. This improvements are still being made. I believe that the extent of the sailing ship effect can also be related to the substitutability of the old and new technologies. The more substitutable the new technology is, the greater need to invest in the improvement of the old technology to maintain competitiveness in the market (assuming the firm does not exit the industry or switch from old to new technology). This could be a factor, which allows the coexistence of both old and new technology. The advancement of cameras today illustrates the aforementioned idea. Despite the technological advancement of cameras (from film to digital), digital cameras and film cameras still coexist in the arket because of their relatively low substitutability (as film photography is different from that of digital photography). It would be fallacious to argue that the lack of evidence of the sailing ship effect would mean that it is non-existent. Therefore, I do not believe that this effect is non- existent but support Howells viewpoint on the rarity of the sailing ship effect because it is too superficial to claim that the advent of new technologies provided the main driving force for the accelerated improvement of old technologies.

First auditors of Gadget limited Essay Example for Free

First auditors of Gadget limited Essay 1. Identify the independence factors, and any other issues, that you and your co-partners in Ernest Peat Co will need to consider in order to determine whether your firm can put itself forward to act as the first auditors of Gadget limited and the measure that may be taken to resolve any perceived conflicts. The purpose of an audit is to provide an independent Examination by an appropriately qualified person for the benefit of interested parties to whom the auditor reports to. The principle of auditor independence is established via the Companies Act, and also an ethical code. Auditors are therefore expected to be independent of those whose work they are auditing and to whom they are reporting. There are two types of audit independence 1- Practitioner independence 2- Profession independence Practitioner independence: is the state of mind of the actual auditor. There are three types of independence that may determine whether independence has been put at risk. Michelle Bond is a substantial shareholder in Gadget Limited, however she is not a director. Her rights as a shareholder does however has some bearing on the decision making process however only on an influential not binding basis. Independence becomes an issue as to whether the objectivity of Earnest Peat Co can be maintained. Basil Bond must be seen to be acting objectively in order to provide an independent view of the company and not on the conflicting interest of protecting his sisters investment. The Companys Act 1985 does not disqualify a shareholder or debtor/creditors of the company or close relative of an officer/employee for that matter, but each RSB has an ethical code, which includes threats to independence, and objectivity which would normally disqualify the auditor in the circumstances cited. Jenny Jordan, has also anticipated that she will also engage your firm to act as tax advisors. By providing additional services as well as performing the function of auditor the issue of independence may be raised in a both positive and negative light. The provision of other services may increase independence because of the value of the auditor to the client , i. e. due to value of service, and therefore there will be increased dependence of the client on the auditor. This essentially reduces the pressure of the client and results in the perception of greater independence On the other hand the greater the dependence of the auditor on the client because of the value of fee, thus reduces the auditors liability to withstand pressure and there independence is at risk. Jenny Jordan has enquired whether you or one of your partners could act as company secretary As auditor, Earnest Peat Co. must members of an RSB as an overall prerequisite for eligibility to act as a corporate auditor. At the individual company level the CA 85 states that a person is ineligible for appointment as auditor if he or she is an officer or employee of the company a partner or employee of such a person a partnership in which such a person is a partner. In light of this is a member of Earnest Peat Co. is appointed as company secretary, he or she couldnt be appointed as auditor as well. Other issues that may be of some relevance Size of firm: the audit firm; Earnest Peat Co comprises of three partners and therefore considered to be a small audit firm as opposed to large firms comprising of large numbers of partners and professional staff spread throughout the world with many offices. Resources Expertise Earnest Peat Co. must ensure that there are adequate resources for example staffing the audit with staff with the necessary expertise in order to maintain the integrity of the audit independence. Earnest Peat Co. comprises of three partners who are registered auditors and accountants and therefore it must be questioned whether or not this is enough. This is can be used as an indication of the dependence of the audit firm on the client, as Earnest Peat Co are of a small nature the portion of fee generated by taking on Gadget Audit may exceed 10% of the practices annual income, hence over reliance to obtain the contract to act as auditors will have an adverse affect independence, as Gadget may go elsewhere.

The Women In Love Essay

The Women In Love Essay Women in Love is a novel about two young ladies, the Brangwen sisters, Urusula and Gudrun and how they fall in love and lead two completely different relationships with the men they meet, Rupert Birkin and Gerald Crich, with who they gradually fall in love. Birkin, a school inspector, visits Ursula who teaches at the school however Hermione, the woman previously involved with Birkin, intrudes on their conversation and invites Ursula and Gudrun to stay with her in Breadalby. Ursula and Gudrun travel to Breadalby to stay with Hermione where Gerald officially meets the two. He saw them again, while they were at home waiting for the train to pass. This sets an awful impression of Gerald to the sisters as he was torturing a horse, training her to withstand the fear. The Brangwen sisters then see Gerald again, whilst sketching along side Wiley Water. He was with Hermione who caused commotion between Gudrun and Gerald after dropping her sketchbook in the water. In the meantime, Ursula had wandered off towards the hill where she met Birkin sawing and hammering away. This was the first sign of a relationship between the two and he eventually sent a note to invite the sisters to tea. Feeling desire for Birkin to speak only to her, she didnt tell Gudrun about the invite where they discuss the concepts of love and their feelings. The couple met again at Mr. Crichs annual water-party on the lake. Gerald organises a small boat for Gudrun and Ursula who row to a little stream. After hours on end, the men arrive in worry. The four begin to row back to the estate but Geralds sister, Diana, drowns causing grief for the Crichs. Gudrun then becomes the teacher of Geralds youngest sister, Winifred. There relationship was a tight bond and soon she moves into a studio which was built for the two girls. After many thought and consideration, Birkin visits the Brangwens to ask for Ursulas hand in marriage however Birkin left without an answer. Enraged, he walks to Shortlands where he finds Gerald. Ursula then meets with Hermione who belittles Birkin and encourages Ursula not to marry him. Birkin then buys Ursula three rings which leads her to agreeing to marriage. Mr. Crich sadly then passes away and after the funeral, in devastation Gerald spends the night with Gudrun. Gerald then thinks about marrying Gudrun and he suggests for the four to travel to the Tyrol although Birkin and Ursula left early to Verona. Gerald is infuriated by Gudruns verbal abuse and her refusal of his manhood as well as Loerke who Gudrun begins a friendship with. On the slopes, Gerald strangles Gudrun yet let go when Loerke called for him. Gerald continued up the slope but he slipped and fell and immediately went to sleep. His body was returned to England to be buried, together with Ursula and Birkin. Gudrun went to Dresden to visit Loerke. The impact of Geralds death on Birkin was inevitable, he loved him just as much as he loved Urusla however Ursula could not understand this. Narrative Style This novel is written in third person singular with an omniscient style. It pleased Ursula, what he said, pleased her very much. She herself knew too well the actuality of humanity, its hideous actually. The pronouns he and she are frequently used and characters are continuously addressed by their names. Character Analysis Ursula: is an independent, strong-willed lady who doesnt enjoy being told what to do. She likes to make her own decisions, no matter what the situation. This is shown through the conversation held between, herself, her father and Birkin when he proposes to her; You both want me to force me into something That is an illusion of your own. She also needs certainty to make those decisions which is shown through her constant questioning of if Birkin loves her. She is reliable for Birkin as she devotes her everything to him however she seems to misunderstand the importance of a relationship between the men and seems she is jealous that Birkin doesnt only need her. Gudrun: is a very kind and compassionate woman as she takes the time and effort to sit with Winifred and paint. Her loving character is shown when she feels uneasy about telling Winifred that her dad will die when asked what she thinks. She isnt a trustworthy person as she leaves Gerald for Loerke in the Alps and feels what Gerald and she had, was over although Gerald didnt feel this way. Birkin: has an aspect of a true gentleman. This is shown through his love and devotion to Ursula because he states that he doesnt want to serve him; I who am at the beck and call of the woman, than she at mine. His love for Ursula and Gerald also shows that he can maintain love with romance and love with friendship; eternal union with a man too: another kind of love. Gerald: is a determined man as he has hope that his sister was still alive when he tries to save her and he never gives up. These experiences made Gerald the strong, determined man he was, as he had suffered of loss of those close to him. However he is not independent as when his father passes away he finds himself at the graveyard then walks to Gudruns house seeking comfort and affection. Gerald is also a proud character as he is proud of his estate that his father owns and doesnt let the past affect his present. Language Diction Women in Love is a very descriptive novel that uses both short and long sentences. The language is highly developed and long sentences are used to describe feelings and objects, for example; And Gerald, watching, saw the amazing attractive goodliness of his eyes, a young, spontaneous goodness that attracted the other man infinitely, yet filled him with bitter chagrin, because he mistrusted it so much. Short sentences are used more often during dialogue such as; I see, and I must remember another time. In this novel the author also uses similes for instance; The mare rebounded like a drop of water from hot iron and Yet he seemed as calm as a ray of cold sunshine. There are also French and German phrases during dialogue for example; Ist er auch ein Wunder? and Quest ce quun chancelier?. Imagery The imagery is evident throughout the novel because all stimuli are aroused. Tactile imagery is evident when Ursula and Birkin have admitted their love for one another; She cleaved to him, and he could feel his blood changing like quicksilver. One can imagine how faster his blood was pumping now that Ursula lay closer towards him. Taste and sense of smell are linked with the description of the meal provided; venison pasty, a large broad-faced cut ham, eggs and cresses. Visual imagery is foreseen throughout the novel when the statuette is explain; it was a woman, with hair dressed high, like a melon-shaped dome à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ with such protuberant buttocks, so weighty and unexpected below her slim long loins. Auditory imagery is evident when Geralds voice startles Gudrun for example; The timbre of his voice, like something vibrating at a high pitch, unnerved Gudrun. Themes Marriage is a theme shown through Ursula and Gudrun when it is first mentioned at the beginning of the novel. This theme is revealed throughout the novel as their relationships continue to build which gradually leads to a proposal by Birkin to Ursula. A theme of religion is also apparent throughout the novel by Mr. Crich as he is related to God often and speaks of being a Christian. Another theme present is individual versus society as Ursula, Gudrun, Birkin and Gerald are often deeply concerned with the questions of society and the relationships between men and women. This theme is shown through Birkin and Ursulas conversation how one must devote themselves to one another as Birkin believes love can reach further and past heaven. Setting This novel is set in England, this is evident because of the places mentioned such as London, Oxford, Beldover and Piccadilly Circus. It is also represented throughout the relation to the currency for example; Three-hapence, pennies and Hundreds of pounds. The setting is also shown through certain objects such as The Daily Telegraph, a popular newspaper in England as well as lawn rather than garden. Genre The genre is romance as love is such a deep and dominant theme throughout the novel. The genre starts with the when Gudrun and Ursula Brangwen discuss their feelings towards marriage. It is encouraged throughout the novel by Gudrun and Gerald falling in love and Ursula and Birkin getting married. It is also shown through Birkin and Geralds friendship as Birkin finds their friendship the perfect relationship with a man. Aspects I liked I enjoyed the fact that Mr. Crich had such a strong will to stay alive, he made time and effort for the ones he loved dearly such as his daughter Winifred. He also said to Winifred that he was better whenever he asked, meanwhile they both knew the truth. However I didnt emjoy the fact that Hermione belittled Birkin whilst talking to Ursula, she encourages Ursula not to marry Birkin because of her jealousy over their relationship. Hermoine wanted with Birkin what Urusla has and she belittles Birkin to alter Ursulas feelings but Ursula ignores Hermoines comments and continues to feel the love she has for Birkin. Recommendations I would recommend this novel to one who enjoys an emotional relationship which encounters tension commonly because of love and the meaning it implies. I would also recommend this novel to one who shares a relationship with God as one of the characters shares a strong relationship with God; He wanted to be a pure Christian, one and equal with all men. He even wanted to give away all he had, to the poor. Throughout the novel, God is often referred to which is why I would recommend this novel to a Christian. I would recommend this novel to a person who enjoys strong willed characters who are strained with their sensitivity.

Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Comparing The Pardoners Tale and The Nuns

Irony in The Pardoners Tale and The Nun's Priest's Tale    Irony is the general name given to literary techniques that involve surprising, interesting,or amusing contradictions. 1   Two stories that serve as excellent demonstrations of irony are "The Pardoners Tale" and " The Nun's Priest's Tale," both from Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales. Although these two stories are very different, they both use irony to teach a lesson.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of the stories, "The Pardoners Tale" displays the most irony. First and foremost, the entire telling of the story is ironic, considering just who is the teller.   The Pardoner uses this story to speak out against many social problems, all of which he himself is guilty of.   He preaches about drunkenness, while he is drunk, blasphemy, as he attempts to sell fake religious relics, and greed, when he himself is amazingly greedy. Yet there are also many ironic situations in the story itself.   The irony starts when, in the begining of the story, the three rioters make a pact to "be brothers" and "each defend the others" and "to live and die for one another" in protection from Death, (lines 37-43) and then in going out to fulfill their vow, they end up finding money, and killing each other over it. Even more ironic, is how they end up killing each other.   After finding the money, the men plan to stay with it until it becomes dark and they can safely take it away.   To tide themselves over until then, they send the youngest one out to get food and wine, and while he is away they plan to kill for his share of the money.   Ironically, the youngest one is planning the same thing so he slips poison into the drinks... ...tion.   By teaching this in two very different stories Chaucer makes it very clear that irony is an extremely effective method of teaching a lesson.    Works Cited and Consulted Arrathoon, Leigh A. "The Pardoner's Tale," Chaucer and the Craft of Fiction. Ed. Leigh A. Arrathoon, Rochester, Michigan: Solaris Press, Inc. 1986. 241-318 Beidler, Peter G. "The Nun's Priest's Tale" Chaucer Review Vol: 34, Issue: 4. April 01, 2000. 388-397 Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales: Riverside Chaucer Third Edition. Ed. Larry D. Benson. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company,1987. 3-328 Secondary Taavitsainen, Irma. "Personality and styles of Affect in the Canterbury Tales" Chaucer in Perspective. Ed. Geoffrey Lester.Midsomer North, Bath: Sheffield Academic Press Ltd. 1999. 218-232 White, Annie "Irony in Chaucer's Tales,'" 20 Jan. 2001.   

A Stereotypical Media :: essays research papers

The media of today’s society plays the peddler to the stereotypes that plague our country. However, the media is not solely to blame. Susan Sontag states in her essay â€Å"The Image World†: â€Å"Through being photographed, something becomes part of a system of information, fitted into schemes of classification and storage†(Sontag 196). Through our own demand as consumers, the use of advertising in television, newspapers, and especially magazines relays to the public an erratic system of stereotypical information. The system of information relayed through photographic imagery in advertising directly affects the thoughts of society, on how a woman should look and feel. Thus, mixing the stereotypical woman of delicacy, and grandeur with sex and sexuality. The vast amount of stereotypical advertising today is directed at the middle-class, American worker. This specification in advertising is due to the fact that the middle class workers are the main consumers. This idea is represented in the magazine, Newsweek. Printed on April 3, 2000, Newsweek prints numerous articles of news that are not so focused and in-depth, but still contains valid consistency. The magazine is M/C Phillips, Page 2 truly tailored to the middle class and so is its advertising. In the midst of clutter, from articles of political power, to the rise of the doughnut culture, sits an ad of poise and content. Posted by the Target Corporation, a store tailored to the middle class, the ad displays, a very young, beautiful woman covered shoulders to toe in ivy, holding a rayon handbag. She is poised, illustrious and elegant, a mirror image of a statue. The backdrop of the image is calm, organized and serene. The ad reads â€Å"ivy plant $6.99, rayon crochet bag $14.99†(Newsweek 7). However, the ad’s imagery at first glance does not fully portray the stereotypes within it. The appearances of stereotypes in this serene ad are hard to find, but are found deep in the t ext of the image. The apparent purpose of the ad is to sell items such as a handbag, and ivy plants. However, the apparent does not relay the reality. The use of a woman’s stereotypical sexuality covers up the real with the fantasy. A stereotype as defined by the Module, â€Å"Images of Women and Men†, â€Å"is viewed today as a process that distorts reality†(Unger & Crawford 219). So in essence this is what the image, or the advertisement has done. Advertising takes the process of photography, and distorts its reality by applying such methods as stereotyping.

Capital in the Market and Economy :: essays research papers

Capital is considered anything that helps enable us to reach our goals, while improving the efficiency of goods and services that we use or produce. Capital is one of the main attributes of improvement. Capital can be almost anything, it can be mental (such as education or training), material (such as a computer or a machine) or it can be money. Capital is invested in a good or service to increase efficiency in production, to increase output and as to increase overall consumer benefit and satisfaction. Capital is a major part of markets and the economy. In order to keep investing capital, there are times where consumption levels need to be decreased in order to collect, or save up, more capital. When you open a savings account, the interest that you earn is actually paid by businesses that have been using your money as capital. You may have given up a monthly shopping spree to save your money. While you are saving, someone is paying interest (your capital) on the money you saved, because they have borrowed it to pay for capital investments such as land, a building, machinery, etc. in order to improve their overall production. If we look at capital in a working environment, we see that when we increase capital goods for workers, they can be more productive. This works up to a point. The law of diminishing returns declares that a general increase in output occurs when capital goods per worker increase, but there comes a point where each increase in capital goods produces a lesser impact on output. At this point, the number of human capital (workers) needs to be increased to utilize the capital goods already in place and continue to improve efficiency. An example of this is the clichà © â€Å"too many cooks in the kitchen†. If you have too many cooks, you need to increase the pots and ingredients. When you increase the pots and ingredients, the cooks are able to work more efficiently and also produce more. When you get too many pots and ingredients, and the cooks are running back and forth, efficiency is decreased. You may still be getting more produced, but not at the same rate when each cook had th eir own pot and ingredients. At this point, you need to bring in more cooks (human capital) to again increase production efficiency and output. The same holds true for capital markets and the economy.

Personality of Leader at the Workplace Essay

This paper is a critical discussion about the self-esteem of workers from the perspective of emotional intelligence through the psychoticism personality of leader in the workplace. Discussions are encircling the definition of self-esteem, emotional intelligence and psychoticism trait; impact; challenges and outlooks. In this new millennium, world is increasingly emphasized the development of human capital as a means of human resources in society, religion, race and nation. In fact, the development of human capital should be in line in the physical and material development of the country which is the rapid development is time to time. In the same tone, all employees in a workplace or organization are an entity of human resources should be an ideal capacity of human capital in terms of emotional intelligence in order to produce the quality of output. In short, the leader in the workplace should have a stable emotional intelligence for a good personality trait that can help create a fun work environment, thus increasing the level of employee self-esteem and motivation. However, if the leader was characterized by negative psychoticism trait, it was not only affects the emotion themselves, but also the emotional impact of workers and will be damage the quality of work. Obviously with this situation, the self-esteem among employees is to achieve their optimum level and thus can help achieve the percentage of success in realizing the vision and mission of the organization in particular and the country’s vision in general. The end of this paper will demonstrate the need for all leaders to have the emotional intelligence that is based on the strength of the ideal affective and personality as a catalytic force to help enhance employee self-esteem at the workplace. Key word: Self-esteem, Emotional Intelligence, Psychoticism Personality, Workplace Background Construction of a nation would have no meaning without the function and role of men as citizens to move the process of governance, administration, management, operation and control. The statement on the meaning of a country would not be complete without the combination of the functions of the elements of society and humanity. For a developed nation, it should be in line with the development of human capital in each of its citizens. Supposedly, determining factors of human capital is the main emphasis on knowledge and expertise among the people for creating a developed nation. Clearly, here, human capital or human resources are the most important entity in the organization compared with other sources that involve equipment, materials or procedures. As human beings, too, the human capital of first class is the main driver of the organization and determines success or failure of each vision and the mission of each organization. Human capital is the main man against the backdrop of diverse attitudes and behaviours that are centred on elements of cognitive (mind), affective (feeling) and psychomotor (physical). Along it, in the process of forming the personality, attitude and mentality, people are more heavily influenced by the belief system as a result of the sustained momentum of socialization experiences during her life since childhood. But at the same time, knowledge and expertise and the value entity of the factors are relevant to the variation in the determination of human attitudes and actions in the implementation of the treatment of personal responsibility, families, organizations, communities, religions, races and countries. In a similar vein, the human capital management should be in line with emotional and spiritual dimensions which is face of noble values and personality, nor translated into positive behaviour. In reality, the responsibility for managing human capital and the organization is not a relatively simple matter, especially if it is a multinational organization. The question would then arise whether a manager or a leader worthy to be a model in an effort to strengthening human capital through the trait of dynamic personality. Availability of many issues today have showed the existence of bias in the attitude of a leader of an organization that causes many problems exist between the leaders and the workers which is led to conflicts with the prolonged crisis that could eventually threaten the common aspirations. Similarly, humans created by the presence of important domains within the mind, emotions (soul) and physical. In a series of long, people with high in the minds and thoughts are usually admired by all and made n idol of the diversity of life strategies and the creation of a capability rocked environmental technology. The ability of the constant in the power of intelligent thought possible that the ability of other marginal triggered the empty spaces in a more profound nature and characteristics of emotion, soul and feelings. The gap exists between the mind and soul resulted in the progress of the past provides lessons for a thousand meanings, and refresh it back in the new rhythm and a new breath f or common sense to be appreciated for generations to come. Therefore, emotional intelligence or EQ in the present has start given special attention to the function and role in human life in order to improve the scenario the fact shortcomings, to see the country’s capacity to have a first-class citizen in every aspect. Thus, in this concept paper, the authors will highlight the discussion of the dimensions of psychoticism personality among leaders and the impact towards self-esteem employees through several elements in the emotional intelligence aspect. Stable personality in a person who assumed the leader to give a significant impact on the level of self-esteem workers also will affect the climate and working environment for the production of quality work that is more focused and based on ethical values and practices are in line with the personal universal human  and humanities. Strong personalities at the leaders will help the leaders in the governing of human capital more effectively and the objectives of the course will be easy to achieve it together. Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to explore and discusses the influence of leader personality from the perspective of emotional intelligence (EQ) on employee self-esteem at workplace. This study was investigates too about the personality of leader which have a significant impact on the employee self-esteem and the way we discuss it is by the element of emotional intelligence aspect. Then we will see too how the psychoticism personality among leader will be impact to the employee self-esteem at the workplace. Conceptual of Self-esteem The appreciation or self is part of the elements in the concept of self-esteem where the judge is a part of you. In simple language, self-esteem also means that the extent of an individual is receiving, a love and respects them. Thus, self-esteem have close relationship with the extent of an individual is putting himself in a situation that feels that he is appreciated by others or not. In general, the availability of some models that is detailed in an effort to clarify questions about the aspects and causes the formation of high self-appreciation. Self-esteem has three main models of the affective model, a model of cognitive and sociological models. Self-esteem is also closely linked to elements of self-concept which exists in every individual human being when one sees himself through the subconscious mind self-concept is developed from childhood to become a significant element in the formation of self-esteem adulthood. Abraham Maslow put the needs of their own self-esteem at the fourth level in the hierarchy needs to be fulfilled human life after a level-lower level needs first obtained. The existence of some facts that show the problems arising between the leaders and employees in the workplace so that employees are not motivated and result in low self-esteem (Kenneth, 2010). The effect is also working to provide optimal cooperation in the organization and will eventually provide a better variety of problems including the problem of interpersonal and intrapersonal issues. Communication and interaction within the organization is loose because a variety of prejudices that complicates many of the jerks interfere with the main focus of the work. Its relationship to the discussion here is to explore the employee’s self-esteem from the perspective of emotional intelligence that exists in the personality of the leader. It is well to emphasize the importance of each leader has a strong emotional intelligence in personality as a leader to help enhance the employees self-esteem in the workplace. Conceptual of Emotional Intelligence (EQ) From the terminology of psychology, emotions, the same age with the duration of the ages in the discussion about the scope and review of various studies both in terms of function and importance, although not directly talk about the concept of emotional intelligence. Emotions are also seen as the main branch in the domain of human education and it also a peg which allows complete in every moment of human existence is more meaningful to the embroider of variations of breath feeling sad, happy, joy and calm in the heart. When the terms of the emotional intelligence starts to take place in results and scholarly writings and discussions about the needs assessment is as important as intellectual intelligence, the world has accepted the fact that for a man who managed the successful expression of true, not only requires the intellectual quotient but also the need for emotional intelligence elements arranged in various categories. Although all human beings are born has a heart and feelings, but not all dimensions of the heart is able to handle mold really is the nature of humanity in total. It is synonymous with the words of Plato’s expression of â€Å"emotion is only held by men, but not all people have the humanity†. When the emotional focus as an important element in human life, then was exist the term of emotional intelligence (EQ). Emotional intelligence is seen as a set of emotional and mental skills that help each individual to identify and understand their own feelings and the feelings of others. Emotional intelligence will be able to help improve the ability of each individual to control his. Emotions are the strong feelings in people (such as sadness, anger, etc. . According to Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary (2000), there was state that emotion is a strong feeling, and contains a variety of feelings such as love, joy, hate, fear, jealousy, feelings of excitement and disturbance. The Oxford American Dictionary (1999) describes as feeling a strong emotion of the particular aspects of mental and instinct. According to Goleman (1995), em otional quotient (EQ) is the ability to monitor personal emotions and other emotions, to distinguish the good, and to use the information to help the mind and the actions of a person. In 1996, the Goleman said that emotional intelligence (EQ) is one’s ability to understand his own feelings and use them to make effective decisions in everyday life. Next is the opinion of Thorndike (1920), human emotional intelligence is related to the concept of social intelligence. Thorndike (1920) defines social intelligence as the human ability to understand and manage men, women and children to communicate effectively in human relations. He also has the emotional intelligence to categorize two main parts, namely interpersonal (emotional contact with others) and intrapersonal (emotional connection with the relationship with yourself). Emotional intelligence can also be interpreted as a kind of social intelligence is responsible for controlling one, and a range of emotions, to discriminate against these emotions and use the information to control thought and an action (Mayer et al. , 1993:433). Based of opinion Mayer et al. , (1990), the interpersonal and intrapersonal emotional intelligence is categorized into five major domains that recognize the self, emotional self-management, self-motivation, and empathy and handling relationships effectively. Empathy and handling relationships effectively are categorized in three others, while interpersonal intelligence is to know you; to manage emotions and motivate myself in that category is intrapersonal. In short, the discussion here also takes elements of emotional intelligence (EQ) as the base that serves as a perspective on the influence of leader personality on self-esteem of employees in the workplace. For that, a model of emotional intelligence (EQ) has been explored based on the Four Branch Model of Mayer ; Salovey (1990), which is namely: O Identifying Emotions O Using Emotions O Understanding Emotions O Managing Emotions Emotional Intelligence from the Islamic Perspective Emotions are really closely linked to human psychology. In the Qur’an, has been called more about human emotions as well as in the hadith of the Prophet. Revealed a range of emotions that includes positive and negative emotions was as a guide for the people and the teachings of Islam. Through the Islamic perspective, emotional intelligence is actually more to the process of cleansing the liver. Essential to maintain care not to foul and not damaged very much required in religion as a clean heart is the spiritual food for the Holy Spirit. With a good heart, it emerged that both the value of emotional intelligence. Heart will be dirty when people commit sin so that it became black and dark hearts. Damage to the human soul and conscience will eventually lead to personality, attitudes and negative behavior that is inconsistent with the nature of the purity of human beings. As a result, people who do not learn anything from his life is said to have been suffered blindness in her eyes, but also deaf ears not wanting to listen to the teachings of the good. Obviously here, the emotional intelligence is closely related to religious values. What’s more it is linked to the spiritual nature of spiritual intelligence. The position of spiritual intelligence actually is it on the high when people trying to maintain its relationship with God, while the intellectual and emotional intelligence will bring people to keep in touch with himself, other humans and the environment. Even God Almighty also says in Surah Ash-Shams (91:8-10), which means; â€Å"He inspired the soul of wickedness and piety, and lucky for the purified, loss for the muss. Consistent with this discussion paper, the question of emotional intelligence is important in terms of underlying the leader personality or character in the workplace that will be assumed can help enhance employee self-esteem. Conceptual of Personality Every human being has value and the pattern of her own personality. Personality, also known as general it can be construed as a symbol of the personali ty characteristics of individuals who bring different characteristics to other individual. Personality refers to an individual’s psychological development as a whole. Even the personality of an individual is also reflected by tendency to behave in a certain way. It was covering various aspects such as temperament, intelligence, sentiments, attitudes, interests, beliefs, ideals and values. According to Mahmood (1992), personality traits are available on an individual, such as thinking, acting, emotional, and perceived others to enable different from other people. The discovery of psychological researchers on personality characteristics found in humans is too many, for example, Allport (1937) who discovered the human personality trait of 17,953. Some of them such as locus of control, achievement motivation, authoritarianism, mechiavellisnisme and self-esteem are the personality characteristics that affect work behaviors (Ishak, 2004). The type of personality that exists in every individual human being is the nature and diversity is shown through various studies-trait of human personality. Allport (1937) view of human personality is the result of a combination of biology and environment, while the inherited characteristics are shaped by individual experience. In short personality is an organization that has the character, temperament, intellectual, physical, thinking, feeling and behavior. From an Islamic perspective, personality is defined as a ‘personality or character in general is’. Morals are divided into two types: praiseworthy character or moral misconduct (Shahabudin & Rohizani, 2002). Both types include a two-dimensional character of this same any outward or inward. The ostensible morality could be seen and measured from outside while the inner character is implicit in the liver, but it will eventually evolves through changes in behavior. For an ideal personality, Islam emphasizes the balance between body and soul and enhanced physical health with diet and lifestyle. Similarly here, the heart of souls in need of spiritual food, a practice as a servant to God by doing everything asked of God and leave all that forbidden and with the glory of the practice, the nature of a servant to remove the negative sense of pride that the behavior is manifested as a highly moral. Thus, Islam has stressed the importance of these two types of probation is appropriate to the nature of man’s creation by God that man was created from the spiritual and physical elements, and very closely linked. For the Muslims, the best character models are supposed to be an idol and an example is the character of the Prophet Muhammad as a Prophet sent by God to edify his people. As expressed by Saidatina Aisyah when asked about the Prophet’s morals, â€Å"his character was the Qur’an. † It is clear here, all aspects of lifestyle perfection of Islam are embodied and more taught by the Holy Qur’an and it is translated through the character of Prophet Muhammad for guidance and follow the final days of race. In this case, the interpretation placed on probation, either the inner or outer simultaneously and has a very clear relationship with the heart that the attitude of a man. Moral evil is caused by impurities in the human heart itself. This is consistent with what was spoken by the Prophet which is means; â€Å"In the cavity of the sons of Adam, there is a piece of meat. If the meat is good, then let all his body. If the meat is bad, then his body was evil. Know you that the meat is the heart† (Hadith narrated Bukhari & Muslim). Dimension of Psychoticism Personality According the Theory of Hans Jurgen Eysenck One of the personality trait that psychologist find in the human personality is called psychoticism. One of them is Hans Jurgen Eysenck. Eysenck was known as a leading individual in the modern psychology of personality typology in the 20th century and suggests that the human personality would be great to understand if the hierarchy that consists of behaviour and sets the overall behaviour and important personalities. Eysenck strongly believe that the whole basis of personality traits derived from the seed, in the form of types and traits. He also believes that the behaviour learned  from the environment. According to  him, the personality is an overall pattern of actual and potential behaviour of organisms, as determined by heredity and environment. The pattern of behaviour that originated and developed through the functional interaction of the four major sectors that regulate behaviour, namely the cognitive (intelligence), the conative (character), the affective (temperament), the somatic (constitution). Eysenck has found three types of dimensions which are known as extraversion (E), neuroticism (N), and psychoticism (P), better known as PEN. Each dimension is different from each other and foreigners, until they can be combined freely between dimensions. Psychoticism can be combined together with neuroticism and extraversion, a three-dimensional shape. At first, he just highlights extraversion personality dimensions and neuroticism. But after doing research in a mental institution in England, he later discovered the psychoticism personality dimensions. Like neuroticism, high psychoticism not mean that people are psychotic or natural to be like that, but it only shows part of the common characteristics found in the psychotic and the possibility of a person is more exposed to the environment that can cause it to become psychotic. However, it is possible also to those who have the personality to be exposed to the psychotic failure continues to be controlled from more chronic. Each type in the dimensions obtained by the Eysenck personality theory  is a collection of nine traits, until it has a total of 27 traits. Traits of psychoticism are: aggressive, cold, egocentric, impersonal, impulsivity (impulsive), antisocial, no empathy (unempathy), hard hearts (tough-minded). For the individual human being has a relatively high score psychoticism found by Eysenck traits often have a fairly aggressive, cold, egocentric, not personal, impulsive, antisocial, no empathy, creative and hard-hearted (same with above). But those who score   relatively low  psychoticism  is  a trait, such as treating like, kind, warm, attentive, friendly, quiet, very social, empathic, cooperative and patient. Like in the extrovert and neuroticism, psychoticism has great genetic elements. Overall,  by the analysis of Eysenck,  three-dimensional character is a 75% hereditary and only 25% are caused by the environment. As in neuroticism, psychoticism also follows the model of stress-compensation  (diathesis-stress model). Once again stressed that the high level psychoticism should not be a psychotic, but they have the potential to suffer from stress and psychotic disorders. At the time of the individual human being only suffer low stress,  high scores psychoticism  may still be able to function normally. However, when the stress is relatively heavy, an individual who has become psychotic are difficult to return to normal. Special focus in the discussion  of this concept  paper  is to trace the impact of personality traits that have psychoticism among the leaders towards employee’s self-esteem in the workplace through the perspective of emotional intelligence. In short, between emotional intelligence and personality or character s obviously a very solid relationship. Therefore, the leaders of a leading character certainly have a high level of emotional intelligence and are able to create a climate that is more positive and able to master a respected and emulated by its employees in the workplace. Even the leader of this will always be more sensitive to the feelings of his employees to be able to perform the best for themselves, others and the organization. Here is a diagram to show a summary of ideas within a conceptual framework discussed in this paper. pic] Impact Dimensions of Psychoticism Personality among Leader towards Employee Self-Esteem This talk will trace some elements of psychoticism personality centred on the leader and what the extent that could impact on employee’s self-esteem in the workplace. Dimensions of psychoticism discussed are looking from the negative aspects of personality that needs to be changed to a more positive behaviour among leaders to help increase the level of employee self-esteem. The Impact of Aggressive Personality Aggressive personality is one of the personality traits that exist in the personality psychoticism. In line with this issue, Baron and Newman (1996) have established a three-factor model of aggression in the workplace is the leader of feelings of hostility, and aggressive policy prevents openly. While Ryan and Oestreich (1991) also provides a model category, such as rough treatment, insulted, ignored, denounce, discredit, did not appreciate, the aggressive control of other people, making threats against workers, shouting, anger, temper and could potentially harm the physical. In fact, several studies on the existence of an aggressive personality among the leaders of the workers in the workplace also see the existence of aggressive behaviour in non-verbal and verbal. In summary, the characteristics of the nature of an aggressive leader too when the leader is also very critical of the worker, very strong, brave, do not like being manipulated and very frank manner that is not appropriate for employees in the workplace. Leader shall also have such a feeling aggressive as always feel superior to him, priority rights and self-interest, vindictive, ill-tempered and likes to discourage other people or employees. Associated with the scenarios in the workplace, aggressive leader who often acts as aggression, often with the employee, tempered and does not respect the workers will lead to employee frustration and low self-esteem is easy to feel at once will affect employee motivation. It is supposed to be leaders must ensure that as leaders, they need to reflect themselves about how far their personality when dealing with employees who are not necessarily a personality that far-fetched but it would have been a character, attitude, behaviour and way of thinking that is consistent in every situation as a positive personal. In exploring these issues, the authors also explore the reality that exists in relation to the scene saw several organizations in the past and present. Bruce & Adam (2007) in their book entitled  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢30 Reasons Employees Hate Their Manager’ have  written their book with a source-based view of the statistics more than 50,000 employees from 65 organizations through  The Discovery Surveys, Inc. ’s Normative Database  (since 1993). All respondents were from manufacturing industries and service organizations, and contain a variety of sizes as small as 150 people up to 5000 workers. The majority are from the U. S. companies and there is also a worker in another country. The study found that 46% of employees believe that management treats them with disrespect. Another study is by Abd. Ghani et al. (2008), found between the results of their qualitative research is the leader body language often shows non-verbal behaviour of rude and offensive. That caused the respondents experienced feelings of shock, disorientation and confusion at the very early stages. In line with these studies, for example, characters of the leader characteristics of an aggressive personality more in fact that is also invited negative reactions from employees and even affect employee self-esteem turn affected the quality of work. Most effects were encircling the emotional impact among workers who contributed to the workers in a constantly fear, anxiety and chronic embarrassment just because the face of aggressive leaders. The Impact of Egocentric Personality The next dimension is egocentric personality that leads to the question of the leader character is very selfish and always felt that his right until fail to become leaders who can listen to any complaints and feelings of employees. The attitude of the head of such a situation is certainly easy to invite rejection of support among the workers on the head itself so that it can affect the working climate of harmony in the workplace. Often a leader or manager at work are forgot to put the interests of workers as employees when in fact the main organization is the human capital to realize its vision and mission. However, due to the character of leaders who would prefer to just focus on his own circle without considering the employees emotional, mental and potential in question and make a formal decision or determination of the direction task, the employee will ultimately result in less focused and less interested in the job. Certainly this situation also stems from a sense of self-esteem workers have deteriorated over the attitude of leaders who failed to put the employee as a valued employee. The scenario is consistent with the findings statistically by Bruce & Adam (2007) which showed 52% of employees felt free to voice their opinions openly. In fact, 66% of employees were told that management did not want to hear their words and about 67% of respondents also said that the management failed to act on the advice of staff. The study shows that there is a direct nature egocentric character is when the head does not leave room for employees to express their opinions and feelings about work and working environment, and do not want to take into account the views of workers in decision-making process. It is probable that the egocentric leaders also felt the staffs were too naive at the same time shows that the leader was look down the employee’s capability. Leaders also are more concerned what are they think and plan itself for no consideration for the employees think and hope is. The Impact of No Empathy Personality Leader personality was not empathy is the reason to the level of self-esteem of workers could be affected so that it can provide a major impact on the loss of self-respect and lose confidence in them (Abd. Ghani, 2008). Should begin with a sense of empathy  to understand the emotional process in which the leader began to think why he and others so emotional. Leader may also be involved in the equality of thinking to reflect the recommendations of the capacity to analyse emotions. These conditions include a dictionary to understand the emotions and attitudes on a combination of emotional, progress and the transition from self to others. Circumstances that indicate the level of empathy plays an important role. Leader should do the simulations he need to try to put himself in others shoes to understand their emotions. In short, leaders who have high empathy are the ability to understand complex emotions and emotional chains and how the emotion is changed at every level. It is the same scenario at work that very much need every leader to have a sense of empathy for workers to head to penetrate the heart and the circumstances of each employee and will not misunderstand, then think that one can be prejudicial to relations within the organization. In fact, empathy of leader impact will be absorbed among the workers so that workers can strengthen their self-esteem and to cultivate empathic behaviour with colleagues. The need for leaders to understand the emotions is also important for employees to communicate emotional meaning. If the leader is able to understand about the tide, ebb and flow of emotion, the leader should also be able to anticipate what might happen in the future with some reasons. Thus, no presumption would arise that bad for workers and leaders also should be able to predict whether the employee may be felt as a result of its success has a lot of emotion in his own treasury. Leader also is able to understand the emotional conflicts of employees to address the various problems that may arise in the workplace. Even if leaders do not have the characteristics of empathy, it is possible to arise various problems such as loss of respect for workers on the head, feel hate, anger and resentment that may affect the unstoppable so focused on work as well as providing a significant impact on self-esteem of workers. In fact, it may not be up to the issue as a teacher in Kedah is hurting his boss of the way of punching and kicking (Utusan Malaysia Online, 27 April 2011) which became a symbol of the long pent-up anger, which most likely also arise for a variety of taste is not satisfied since the early stages. The Impact of Anti-Social Personality Through anti-social personality dimensions, was found people with these personality types are more likely to comport with the regulations ignore the moral and ethical standards that exist in society and the global demand. Although on the face of an individual who has seen active and the personalities of others is often acceptable, but the fact that individuals prefer to manipulate and exploit others, and often violate the law, often took advantage and never feel guilty. Even individuals with anti-social personality traits will also be doing things without considering the feelings of others, rather impulsive and difficult to deal with failure as the feeling that everything they do will not fail. According Cleckly (1976), anti-social people with the disease is usually easy to get bored with something or the state but they have a strong feeling to find something new. They can make a good first impression. A person who anti-social personality is without consciousness looks like scary or damaging other people to satisfy his own feelings. They are smart to influence others to think that they are normal people although they do not actually have a mature mind, the establishment of a wobbly, and ignored the convenience and interests of others. In an environment in the workplace, it is possible that there is often a problem to be the leader characteristics such as anti-social like the ability to exploit workers or often take advantage of the naivety and the acquiescence of its employees. The study by Abd Ghani et al. 2008) shows that the dysfunctional behaviour that exist among school principals as the school chief example is when they are often given the task demands and workload rather excessive and unreasonable. Even the head of such an attitude also shows no sense of respect for employees and free to do what is liked without thinking of working conditions are physically and emotionally. It can be seen by respondent’s statement in an interview like the following: â€Å"†¦ There when he asked for the work u ntil 4. 00 pm. After that came the night is just to the expiration of all the work. There, he was asked to come on Saturday to finish the work. We feel depressed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Source: G3) â€Å"†¦ The way he made the decision was autocratic. He decided him just go willingly. Select a person he will, too. No one dared to ask †¦ † (Source: G4) â€Å"†¦ I am always afraid when the principal walk near corridors of the class I teach. I’m so stiff, new kinds of teaching out of fear for one. Sometimes the idea stuck. The voice was stuck too. I am really tension when he was last. My relationships with students are also affected. A lot of punishment than praise †¦ † (Source: G3) â€Å"†¦ My tension is not finished until the last meal. Back home I tried to sleep but I always could not sleep for thinking of the events at the school †¦ † (Source: G8) Quite clearly through the examples in this interview, how the character of their leader have gave a big impact on their physical and emotional development as an employee. Therefore, it is no doubt that the head of the anti-social personality as above is also an impact on employee self-esteem where workers also have a sense of reality and not a robot. Through the study of  Bruce & Adam (2007) in various organizations industry found that a total of 7 of 10 employees said that there was no correlation between the wages they receive with the performance. This means they have to work hard with a lot of dumping duties would be but a little salary. In fact, 61% of respondents are not satisfied with the salaries that they have receive are not commensurate with the perceived power of sweat they have to offer. This once again implies that the head was exploiting their workers and the excessive use of labour. Leader also forget that workers are also uman beings who need rewards commensurate with what is done, both in terms of the money, what more in terms of motivation and reward nor recognition of self as a gift, a certificate and recognition like ‘the best employee for the month’, and for that employee self-esteem can be improved in line with the increased quality of work. But the failure of leaders to appreciate the importance of the end result is too many shortcomings in terms of physical, emotional and minds among the workers and their impact in the long term. The Influence of Emotional Intelligence (EQ) towards Self-Esteem of Employee through the Personality of Leader The question of the interpretation of emotional intelligence has clearly shown that the existence of elements of cleansing the soul that led to the positive characteristics and values are translated to the personality and should be applied in everyday life that underlies the patterns of life. Together, the efforts to strengthen the emotional intelligence of individuals should not be considered silent because it is the main frame in order to strengthen other aspects of nature and transformed by the behavior and establish a more dominant personality with emotional intelligence. In this discussion is accounted for dimensions that can help enhance employee self-esteem through the dynamic personality of the leader in the workplace that should be more consistent, compare than psychoticism personality which is more to unstable. Discussed below is on the basis of the Four Branch Model of Mayer & Salovey (1990) and the association. i. Identifying Emotions Individuals will begin to see, perceive and identify emotions shape whether sad, happy or scared at one time, including the stimulation of the environment in terms of the human voice, storytelling, music and the arts in this first stage process. When the individual is more focused on the emotion itself, this dimension is closely related to awareness of a great emotional blow will enable the individual to also be thinking about things that may arise in the emotions of others. Usually this happens when there is a level that would stimulate the emotions that make the individual will begin to respond. Relevance to the scene leader and worker in the workplace is where the leader is able to identify her own emotions and her employee emotions. Personality is always sensitive to the leader around what more sensitive to the feelings and emotions of employees will more easily enable leaders to identify what employees are feeling, when he also able to recognize his own feelings. Key words in this first process are appropriate when there is awareness of their own emotions and emotions of others. Leader should know how to find and label their own feelings and the feelings of workers accurately, if he wants to better understand themselves and others. When the leader is always trying to find out how they feel, they would be more aware of the increase and shift every sense. This is important for a leader track and figure out whether the employee was disappointed because of the situation caused by the A or B. With that ability, the leader would be able to talk about feelings and the leader can also indicate his own feelings at the same time be able to detect any change in his feelings that exist both in the environment. Indirectly, the personalities of these leaders will make employees feel valued, understood and respected. It is also an early indicator of the workers that their leaders can pave the way for discussion if the employee is found to have any problems. Consequently, the worker will be able to self-esteem improved since been directly affected by the personality of leaders who have the characteristics of a strong emotional intelligence. In fact, workers will also be more motivated to work together and strive to produce better quality work. Quite clearly, the functions and roles of leaders in the workplace are very important in influencing the emotions of employees to give effect to the level of employee self-esteem. ii. Using Emotions The second stage is the part that shows the individual uses as a medium of emotion and reason on his mind in connection with a matter of rational, logical and creative. Using emotions may require the ability to use feelings to help some of the cognitive effort as the reason, problem solving, decision making and interpersonal communication. Emotions can create a variety of mental set that proved to be more or less adjusted to the different types of ground work. With a discussion of the relevance of this process here is where the leader will start to focus his thoughts on the situation whether the attention, focus or motivation. Then head to the suitability of emotions associated with the situation and the leader that has the characteristics of this skill in his personality will be more creative, motivating and inspiring employees and not selfish. Even the leaders who have the emotional skills will also be using emotion as a day to increase thinking. Then supposedly leader will feel the emotions first before thinking to interpret what you can before you act. Of course this is in line with what is emphasized in Islam when it is said that the heart and soul is the priority in disclosing behavior and personality. Therefore, it should be emotional and heart is an entity that is positive and good values for the formation of behavior is also positive and generous. In the same tone, emotion is able to strengthen the mind as the emotional mind working with a more unique method. Emotions can help to improve human thinking and problem solving skills to make decisions (Schwarz N. , 2002). Even the leaders are also able to constantly motivate the employees either directly or indirectly, and motivate employees to be smart to handle the negative emotions with a systematic method of thinking through the best sense of God’s grace in solving problems while working to change the medium to more positive emotions. The momentum of the self will certainly strengthen the emotions, mentality and personality to become more excited and motivated to face any situation but also able to find solutions that are more relevant when dealing with any problems through the exploration of a wise and prudent. In Islam it has stressed that we need to work hard and try as though we will live longer, at the same time we also need to diligently serve God as if we were to die tomorrow. This expression should be a motivation to everyone if they can understand, appreciate and contemplate the meaning behind them. Al-Ghazali discusses the motivation for this question in terms of intention and desire to do something before (Sa’id, 2008). Whenever a person has a goal and vision to do something, and then followed that action will realize the good intentions that are targeted to become a reality. With the strengthening of self-motivation, the leaders and workers will be clearer with the direction and goals in life. Vision and mission in the struggle to achieve success will always be a platform based on the spirit of self that is never give up to continue. Motivated individuals who are symbols of people who strove to achieve the objectives of not abandon the question of personal ethics and moral values and universal symbol of character strength. For the leader, no was losses to always provide external power and motivation to employees. Each byte has a meaning of its own word and employees can feel the strength that allows them to learn independently to achieve organizational goals in life in general and specifically. Awards are given in many forms though to a minimum is very important because it enables them to believe that by behaving positively and produce quality work will continue to allow them accepted and respected by leaders and colleagues. But in the context of this neglect will cause employees to assess the human leader as a failure to help make them fun to work. This is consistent with the statistical findings by Bruce & Adam (2007) showed that 53% of workers have said that employers or their bosses did not positively motivate them to work. iii. Understanding Emotions The third stage is to understand the emotional process in which individuals begin to think why he and others so emotional. Individuals may also be involved in the equality of thinking to reflect the recommendations of the capacity to analyze emotions. These conditions include a dictionary to understand the emotions and attitudes on a combination of emotional, progress and the transition from self to others. At this stage, the level of empathy plays an important role. Individuals are trying to put themselves in others to understand their emotions. In short, individuals are also able to understand complex emotions and emotional chains and how the emotion is changed at every level. It is the same scenario at work that very much need every leader to have a sense of empathy for workers to be more to dive into the heart and the circumstances of each employee and will not misunderstand, and think that one can be prejudicial to relations within the organization. In fact, empathy is the impact will be absorbed among the workers so that workers can strengthen their self-esteem and to cultivate empathic behavior with colleagues. The need for leaders to understand the emotions is also important for employees to communicate emotional meaning. If the leader is able to understand about the tide, ebb and flow of emotion, the leader should also know what might happen in the future, when able to predict and anticipate with some reasons. Thus, no presumption would arise that bad for workers and leaders also should be able to predict whether the employee may be felt as a result of its success has a lot of emotion in his own treasury. Leader also is able to understand the emotional conflicts of employees to address the various problems that may arise in the workplace. It is also to prevent the existence of too many ‘red tape’ which can jerk the interaction between workers and leaders. If this can be overcome by the head, then will likely reduce the percentage of 53% which reflects the assessment of workers detected the presence of ‘red tape’ in the organization through a study (Bruce & Adam, 2007). iv. Managing Emotions This is the last stage in this model. The process at this stage refers to the ability of individuals to control and manage their emotions and others. When managing their own feelings, we should monitor, differentiate, and label our feelings exactly. Some people certainly have more or less effective in helping another person to deal with emotions. For example, some individuals often know things that ought to say, to motivate colleagues and to provide inspiration to others. At this level, ability to control themselves and manage themselves should be considered. Things are quite important to ensure that decisions and actions made ased on emotion and logic in order to get results. Emotional management also includes the ability to manage and control the tremendous emotional when threatened to hurt feelings, whether physical, mental or emotional. Control emotions to create an individual right that can interact and communicate better with others. Positive emotions as a catalyst for positive thoughts and emotions can be controlled from a more emotional when the mind to think in a more rational. Leader should be able to apply the personality and the best model for its employees living, admire and emulate. The success of the leader emotions that enable employees to handle these problems with more wisdom and parenting dimensions would produce a very dynamic effect but also help enhance employee self-esteem. Leader which is honest, interact and guiding employees also must be met for better work and be able to realize the objectives of the organization together. Strength in social skills is also the leader or worker to understand the other person with the ability to translate one’s feelings appropriately as a marker that he understood and accepted in the interaction or communication. Every facial expression or body language should be easily understandable for the interactions that are meaningful. However, the leader who failed to manage and regulate their emotions will be seen by employees as a hot-tempered, selfish and arrogant. Unstable of emotion on the leader like this is often just want to achieve the objective of making decisions without emotion will usually fail to see the ‘forest for the trees’ (Salovey & Caruso, 2004). Current Challenges and Outlooks Searching questions on psychoticism personality among leaders, giving emotional impact on employees has been brought to  us about the reality that there are many phenomena that affect the workers, nor the emotion and character evolution in the self-chief himself. The phenomenon that exists from time to time, so without us realizing, problems at work that involves the interaction and relationship between leaders and employees is not an issue we can look trivial and is not an isolated issue. In fact it is a string of evidence and the space to the world organization and the industry to do further research efforts in the on-going cover the emotional, mental and physical leaders and workers. Nor should the situation  arise,  such as ‘the storks’ a  fun one-blame, and if the results are biased to leaders perception toward employees is different from the results of employees’ perception toward leaders which is always contra. Instead it is necessary to look at the question from multi-dimensional framework of fair and transparent of thought through a comparison of data and the actual argument that can be strengthened. These issues demonstrate the continuity of the discussion of challenges and expectations that work on the positive and negative dimensions through several findings phenomenon. Among them is the actual scenario of workers who are victims of a leader or an employer fairly brutal causing clinical depression for 41% of victims, referring to a study by Bullybusters. org the online in Benicia, Canada is seeing the reality of abuse in the workplace. The problem of bullying is indeed a sense claimed self-belief, self-confidence and respect among employees who are victims but also provides the physical symptoms of various diseases such as sleep disorders, ulcers, high blood pressure, loss of creativity and probably also suffered post-traumatic stress disorder (Kenneth,  2010). Kenneth (2010) also explained that after 20 years of research and results of 60,000 interviews conducted, then Saratoga Institute*  reports that 80% acknowledged the existence of a direct correlation of dissatisfaction in the relationship between the leader of the employee or employer. Referring also review the Gallup Organization about the recent reality of the one million workers, one of the reasons most people leave work was because the employer at the workplace. There are other studies by the Gallup also found that the management is very weak in 50% average 44% less productive and less profitable than operating a nicer group. According to Marie (1998), the results of a study found 89% of managers believe that employees leave a job or keep working it is because of money. But in a study by Leigh (2005) with the cooperation with the Saratoga Institute found that as many as about 20,000 workers from 18 industries and from various other studies to detect as many as 80 to 90% of workers leaving the job is not for the reason of money. Then the argument was more focused on job factors, factors manager or leader, work culture and environment. Next Chapman (2006) explains there are studies conducted by the  Chartered Institute of Management  of stress and health at work among professionals. Results showed that anger and lack of humour among themselves while working to contribute to the stress in the workplace. Such a situation is certainly affecting the performance of the business of the institute. The study also concluded that the humour serves to produce  a good  mood,  staff, and inspired works of high and thus reduces the stress in the workplace. Stress at work can kill the staff and the organization itself (Granirer, 1999 in the Wan Zanariah, 2007). Then the study by the Ministry of Health in Malaysia has been estimated that a highlight of every 10 persons found to be psychotic problems (Zulkifli, 2007 in the Wan Zanariah, 2007). Truly a work environment that is less comfortable and dissatisfaction in the work may also lead to mental problems. This situation involves stress, depression, sadness and so was able to kill people slowly (Granirer, 1999 in the Wan Zanariah, 2007). The above findings clearly reflect the actual scenario which is inherent and challenges in the workplace in the past, present or future time-as long as there had been no shift in the transformation of human governance. That is the challenge that must be addressed and the opportunity for each organization will always detect such problems than to wander. It is quite clear also that the ability of a leader is to drive the workers under its operation as a strong group of organizations is not just solely depend on the revenue sources of the highest quality labour, but they also need to ensure that emotional labour should also be in a stable condition for it is closely related to the ability to focus totally on the production of better quality work. Any problems that exist should be faced with the emotional stability and rational thinking through the ideal personality and emotional intelligence are intact. Certainly, workers are also human as the leader that also has a limitation of emotion and energy that cannot use by the leader without any restrictions. Along with that, is to be hoped that every leader in the workplace must ensure and need to their return to assess on their personality and character which should be more positive, what could they also be in and the same time they are also is an employee to the management of more high at the top. Although the head line is from the different background, experiences and qualifications when at the same time they are as an employee and at the same time, they also are the leader for workers which are under their lines. Therefore, they should be more understanding of feelings as an employee and their strengths are quite different from the workers because they can explore and feel the feelings as leader too. There is also the leader are supposed to be more empathetic and need to easily detect the need to manage the climate in the workplace in line with the needs that are not set aside the question of humanity. If the leader fails to change its own personality and character to an acceptable, it is likely that the leader himself will continue to face various problems associated with extreme emotions such as anger; stress, frustration, suspicion and paranoid to the next stage would be detrimental to self-itself with physical ailments like heart disease, high blood pressure and stroke. There is always the element of peace of mind needs to be enhanced by cleaning the soul within every leader is necessary to help shape the work environment to a more harmonious and also make workers more motivated to work with. Self-esteem of employees would rise and can help the organization to achieve the aspirations and objectives by work together, so it will be easier to make it reality for all of the aim. Conclusion For the conclusions, dimensional stability of personality in psychoticism elements that must be more positive through the perspective of emotional intelligence  among  leaders is to be the main catalysts that can help enhance employee self-esteem thereby increasing the motivation and the quality of their work. Leader also plays an important role to implement the elements of a positive character in the style of leadership to become a habit and can be appreciated by both the employee as a medium to give them a high level of motivation in the dimensions of self-possession of self-esteem. By having the robustness of the emotional and mental aspects, each employee will also have the personality and behaviour that is consistent with the demands of human nature to live harmoniously in all circumstances. Obviously this will also help reduce the stress suffered as a esult of the routine and work load is getting worse especially plus the coupled with commitment and responsibility at home. Emotional stability will enable employees to work with leaders to produce a better quality of work output as well as providing an ideal joy in interaction with the environment, including with the family and community. This connection makes the rhythm of psychology between employees and leaders are to become more dy namic and capable of achieving a healthy lifestyle that helps the stability of the social dimension of socialization. Strength of the affective through the practice of moral values will enable the community has triggered not just a first class facilities, but also have the first-class personalities and competent superior in terms of communication, appearance, knowledge, soul and mind so that it is possible to re-emerge as a nation people who admired and full of social, economic, scientific expertise as well as the continuity of human civilization glorious past, present and future. Success should also be as a bridge in order to achieve success and happiness in the Hereafter is more immortal forever. Certainly also the leader should be the best model for the workers so that they can become the main alternative in dealing with issues of interaction and communication problems in the workplace between leaders and employees. In conclusion, employee self-esteem should be more enhanced and establish the dominant function of the leader by the dynamics personality through human governance practices with more systematic and based on values that can be translated in the affective behaviour in the form acceptable to the organization, and so on in the community and the country.