Digital Fortress Chapter 21

The American on Tokugen Numataka's private line sounded anxious. â€Å"Mr. Numataka-I only have a moment.† â€Å"Fine. I trust you have both pass-keys.† â€Å"There will be a small delay,† the American answered. â€Å"Unacceptable,† Numataka hissed. â€Å"You said I would have them by the end of today!† â€Å"There is one loose end.† â€Å"Is Tankado dead?† â€Å"Yes,† the voice said. â€Å"My man killed Mr. Tankado, but he failed to get the pass-key. Tankado gave it away before he died. To a tourist.† â€Å"Outrageous!† Numataka bellowed. â€Å"Then how can you promise me exclusive-â€Å" â€Å"Relax,† the American soothed. â€Å"You will have exclusive rights. That is my guarantee. As soon as the missing pass-key is found, Digital Fortress will be yours.† â€Å"But the pass-key could be copied!† â€Å"Anyone who has seen the key will be eliminated.† There was a long silence. Finally Numataka spoke. â€Å"Where is the key now?† â€Å"All you need to know is that it will be found.† â€Å"How can you be so certain?† â€Å"Because I am not the only one looking for it. American Intelligence has caught wind of the missing key. For obvious reasons they would like to prevent the release of Digital Fortress. They have sent a man to locate the key. His name is David Becker.† â€Å"How do you know this?† â€Å"That is irrelevant.† Numataka paused. â€Å"And if Mr. Becker locates the key?† â€Å"My man will take it from him.† â€Å"And after that?† â€Å"You needn't be concerned,† the American said coldly. â€Å"When Mr. Becker finds the key, he will be properly rewarded.†

Article and lyrics comparison Essay

The songs â€Å"Have you Forgotten† by Darryl Worley, and â€Å"Where have all the flowers gone? † by Pete Seeger are two songs that both deliver strong messages regarding two different wars. â€Å"Have you Forgotten? † which is a song composed to convey emotions regarding the war in Iraq delivers messages that are meant to sway people to hate war. It describes the war and all its horrors by questioning if people have in fact forgotten what it is like to be in a war and so have become indifferent of the one that was currently being fought. â€Å"Where have all the flowers gone? † on the other hand, which is written during the period of the Vietnam war is another song written as a series of progressive questions terminating in the sad reality that the war in Vietnam had caused so many deaths. While the song does not in any way specify whose death had been more deserved or valued in the Vietnam War, it proceeds to question these deaths in an attempt to question the war itself. In an article, John Pareles describes that, â€Å"Songs that touched on the war in 2006 were suffused with the mournful and resentful knowledge† (2010) This is quite obvious in the song by Worley, for instance, in the lines from the chorus, â€Å"Have you forgotten, how it felt that day? / To see your homeland under fire/†¦And you say we shouldn’t worry bout Bin Laden†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (7-8, 12) the song seems to be didactic and even moralizing in its approach and its perception of how people perceived the war. These lines, in relation to what Pareles describes, are in fact resentful in that they express how people are indifferent about this particular war. In addition, Pareles (2010) also states that, â€Å"Immediate responses to 9/11 and to the invasion of Iraq arrived along familiar lines. There was anger and saber-rattling at first†. This expresses how the emotions had died down when the war had began to drone on. There was only the desired response initially which eventually died down. Hence, Morley’s song very accurately describes this indifference by questioning America about its stand on the war and how America can seemingly be uncaring of what was going on. So, in the last few lines of the song, one finds, â€Å"Have you forgotten / About our Pentagon / All the loved ones that we lost / And those left to carry on† (27-30) as the song shifts from being fierily questioning of the objectives for and reactions to the war to being deeply emotional, appealing to the better judgment of the listeners as if pleading that everybody be more reactive because the war was not just any kind of war, but it was something that took away so much from those who were in it. Songs during the Vietnam War were equally as questioning, perhaps because that particular also had grey areas when it came to the goals and objectives of the battle. â€Å"In 1963 musicians began directly questioning the Vietnam War. † (Anderson) and so, in the song â€Å"Where have all the flowers gone? † by Seeger, this questioning tone is also employed. However, noticeably in the song, as it progresses, the repeated lines go from questioning where the flowers are to where the graves are; (1-40) looking at each of the stanzas, however, the more interesting recurring line is â€Å"When will they ever learn? † (7-8, 15-16, 23-24, 31-32, 39-40) which serves the same function as the ‘Have you forgotten’ theme of the earlier song. So, in effect, this song by Seeger not only questions but also admonishes the listeners, perhaps because, â€Å"†Their music stated traditional folk themes, ones which were being voiced in the current civil rights crusade: justice, peace, and brotherly love. † (Anderson) Looking at these two songs side by side one can easily conclude that while both were about different wars at different periods the main message delivered is don’t people ever get tired of wars albeit the painful and agonizing effects of these exercises? So, if war songs are to be evaluated according to these two songs which are separated by decades in between, the sentiment of people when it comes to war has not changed significantly which is probably due largely to the reality that nobody wants wars regardless of the reasons. So, while both of the songs question the audience or the listeners, the questions in both songs are meant to indirectly remind the listener of the horrors of war and to admonish and enjoin the listener to remain faithful to the precepts of peace, justice and love while actively protesting whatever justifications the government makes for conducting these bloody exercises. Works Cited Anderson, Terry. â€Å"American Popular Music and the War in Vietnam. † (): 51-65. Print. Pareles, John. â€Å"Pop Music and the War: The Sound of Resignation. † New York Times. N. p. , 2 Jan. 2007. Web. 15 July 2010. . Seeger, Pete. â€Å"Where Have all the Flowers Gone. † arlo. net. N. p. , 2003. Web. 15 July 2010. . Worley, Darryl. â€Å"Have you Forgotten?. † Lyrics007. N. p. , 2007. Web. 15 July 2010. .

A triangulation approach Essay

Thomas had heard the same devastating story before. He knew what to expect or so he thought. He had seen the shattered lives, lost youth and the trail of broken dreams that had divided families and friends. Often it was the innocent bystanders most affected by such behaviour. The collateral damage was often so costly. But it was Thomas who would end up as Daniel’s target that day. Introduction All researchers have different beliefs and ways of viewing and interacting within their surroundings. As a result, the way in which research studies are conducted vary. However, there are certain standards and rules that guide a researcher’s actions and beliefs. Such standards or principles can be referred to as a paradigm. To gain a better understanding of why and how the researcher chose the methodological approach in this study, an initial discussion will be completed about the paradigm that best fits the focus of this study. Following a discussion about the research paradigm, the aim of this chapter is to discuss the research design and methodology utilised in this study. In order to describe the variety of research activities undertaken during this study, the data collection activities and associated analysis methods will be systematically discussed under four phases. For ease of discussion, the study activities will be described in the order in which the researcher completed them. The order of the study activities have been outlined in Figure 3. Research Paradigm According to Taylor, Kermode, and Roberts (2007, p. 5), a paradigm is â€Å"a broad view or perspective of something†. Additionally, Weaver and Olson’s (2006, p. 460) definition of paradigm reveals how research could be affected and guided by a certain paradigm by stating, â€Å"paradigms are patterns of beliefs and practices that regulate inquiry within a discipline by providing lenses, frames and processes through which investigation is accomplished†. Therefore, to clarify the researcher’s structure of inquiry and methodological choices, an exploration of the paradigm adopted for this study will be discussed prior to any discussion about the specific methodologies utilized in this study. This study utilised a triangulation approach to explore and guide the development and evaluation of a clinical forensic nursing educational package. The use of both the qualitative and quantitative methodologies was necessary to encompass the different aspects of forensic science and nursing’s holistic approach to patient care. According to Lynch (2006), providing forensic patient care requires objectivity and neutrality while attending to the various human dimensions of health and well-being. To address the diversity and complexity of such nursing and forensic issues, a mixed methodology was necessary. According to Weaver and Olson (2006), the paradigms most commonly utilised in nursing research are positivist, postpositivist, interpretive, and critical social theory. The quantitative methodology shares its philosophical foundation with the positivist paradigm (Weaver and Olson). The positivist paradigm arose from the philosophy identified as logical positivism and is based on rigid rules of logic and measurement, truth, absolute principles and prediction (Halcomb and Andrew, 2005; Cole, 2006; Weaver and Olson). The positivist philosophy argues that there is one objective reality. Therefore, as a consequence, valid research is demonstrated only by the degree of proof that can be corresponded to the phenomena that study results stand for (Hope and Waterman, 2003). In this study, such rigid principles lend themselves more to the scientific forensic aspects such as scientific knowledge, logic and measurement incorporated into this study (Weaver and Olson, 2006; Lynch, 2006). However, such inflexible beliefs did not have the capacity to accommodate the investigatory aspects of this study that dealt with the social and human experiences. As a result, qualitative methodologies were also incorporated  into the research design (see Table 3.1). The qualitative methodology shares its philosophical foundation with the interpretive paradigm which supports the view that there are many truths and multiple realities. This type of paradigm focuses the holistic perspective of the person and environment which is more congruent with the nursing discipline (Weaver and Olson, 2006). Additionally, the interpretive paradigm is associated more with methodological approaches that provide an opportunity for the voice, concerns and practices of research participants to be heard (Cole, 2006; Weaver and Olson). Cole further argues that qualitative researchers are â€Å"more concerned about uncovering knowledge about how people feel and think in the circumstances in which they find themselves, than making judgements about whether those thoughts and feelings are valid† (p. 26). Due to the complex nature of the research study, there was no single paradigm that could satisfactorily deal with all of the required methodological aspects. Therefore, the researcher found it necessary to combine the quantitative/positivist paradigm with the qualitative/interpretive paradigm. The blending of both paradigms provided the researcher with the ability to statistically analyse the scientific data whilst also recognizing the complex psychosocial and emotional factors that influence patient care issues. The discussion that follows will further elaborate and describe in detail how each paradigm and methodological approach was implemented in this study. Research Design In this descriptive study, qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques were used including; semi-structured interviews, chart audits, pre and post-test questionnaires, focus group interviews, and the researcher’s field notes of personal observations and conversations. Additionally, to provide a more complete and  multidimensional understanding of the issues, a triangulation methodology design was employed (Taylor, Kermode, and Roberts, 2007). In the section below, the discussion will be divided into two main headings; that of descriptive research and triangulation. Descriptive Research In order for the researcher to gain different perspectives and draw attention to different factors that affect forensic practice in Western Australia, descriptive research methods were employed in this study. According to Polit, Beck, and Hungler (2001, p. 180), descriptive methods are used when the researcher seeks to â€Å"describe, observe, and document a naturally occurring phenomenon which cannot readily be ascribed an objective value†. In other words, descriptive research deals with questions that look to explain what things are like and describe relationships but do not predict relationships between variables or the direction of the relationship. Depending on what is to be described, descriptive research can be very concrete or more abstract (DeVaus, 2002). At a concrete level, data collected is often strongly quantitative in nature (Polit, Beck, and Hungler, 2001). In this study, data will be collected in the form of participant demographics, chart audit data, monitoring of implementation tools, and data collected from the pre and post-test questionnaires. In addition, more abstract descriptive research, in the form of stakeholder interviews, was also included. According to Morse and Richards (2002), qualitative descriptive approaches are extremely helpful because evidence of experience and knowledge can be easily missed when quantitative methods are used. In this study, semi-structured interviews were incorporated into the study design because the researcher believed that open ended questions would be the most efficient way to collect data from stakeholder participants. Open ended questions are thought to allow an individual time and scope to discuss their perception and knowledge (Morse and Richards, 2002). DeVaus (2002) believes that descriptive research can play a key role in highlighting the  existence and extent of problems which can stimulate interventions and actions that lead to policy change. The intent of stakeholder interviews was to investigate and describe current forensic practices occurring in Western Australia. According to Taylor, Kerrmode and Roberts (2007), qualitative interviews attempt to â€Å"make meanings† from individual accounts and experiences. Forensic patients are usually treated in partnership by medical and legal professionals (Lynch, 2006). Therefore forensic and healthcare stakeholders who work in the field have the best ability to contribute, enhance links and increase the successful integration of services (Haddow, O’Donnell, and Heaney, 2007). The incorporation of stakeholders in this study was to enhance the understanding of the current issues and experiences confronting forensic and healthcare professionals working with and providing care to forensic patients. Triangulation Multiple triangulation methods were utilised in this descriptive study. Triangulation involves the application and combination of several research methodologies in one study (Schneider, Elliott, Lo-Biondo-Wood, and Haber, 2003; Taylor, Kermode, and Roberts, 2007). There are four common types of triangulation discussed within the literature including: data triangulation that involves time, space, and persons; investigator triangulation which uses multiple observers; theory triangulation that uses more than one theoretical perspective to interpret the study phenomenon; and methodological triangulation that involves using more than one methodological strategy during data collection. According to Halcomb and Andrew (2005), the use of multiple data sources and methods to cross-check and validate findings increase the depth and quality of the results and also provides valuable guidance to nursing practice. Triangulation provides in-depth data, increases the confidence in the research results as well as enables different dimensions of the problem to be considered (Barbour, 2001; Jones and Bugge, 2006). A combination of methods is thought by some to improve the consistency and accuracy of data by providing a more complete picture of the phenomenon (Roberts and Taylor,  2002; Halcomb and Andrew, 2005; Williams, Rittman, Boylstein, Faircloth, and Haijing, 2005; Jones and Bugge, 2006). Morse (1991) cited in Minichiello, Sullivan, Greenwood, and Axford, (1999, p. 258) believes that triangulation is a means by which the researcher is able to â€Å"capture a more complete and holistic portrait of the phenomena under study†. In this study, the researcher employed methodological, data, and unit of analysis triangulation. Each of these aspects of triangulation will be discussed individually below and study examples provided to help illustrate the concepts. Firstly, methodological triangulation will be explored which can be sub-divided into within and across-method triangulation (Schneider, et al., 2003; Halcomb and Andrew, 2005). Methodological triangulation Methodological triangulation, according to Taylor, Kermode, and Roberts (2007), involves using two or more research methods in one study at the level of data collection or design. Across-method triangulation involves combining research strategies usually qualitative and quantitative methods. Such an approach is common in nursing studies (Jones and Bugge, 2006; Halcomb and Andrew, 2005). In this study, for example, data from stakeholders interviews were utilised to reinforce and complement the data from quantitative chart audits because concepts mentioned by the stakeholders were checked during the chart audits. Complementary findings in a study make a more valid contribution to theory and knowledge development, enhance diversity, and enrich the understanding surrounding the study’s objectives and goals (Schneider, et al., 2003; Macnee and McCabe, 2008). Data triangulation Data triangulation can be described as the use of multiple sources of data to obtain differing views about a situation in a single study (Roberts and Taylor, 2002). For example, in this study, data was collected from various interviews, pre and post-test questionnaires and by reviewing nurse participant’s documentation within patient medical records. Multiple data  sources help validate the findings by exploring different views of the situation under investigation (Taylor, Kermode, and Roberts, 2007). Data triangulation can be divided into categories of time, space, and person (Roberts and Taylor). Time triangulation involves researchers collecting data at different points in time such as time of day; at different days of the week, or at different months of the year (Rinaldi, Carpenter, and Speziale, 2006). In this study, however, the goal was not to compare participant knowledge between shifts or from one month to the next. 46 Instead, the researcher was interested in evaluating an educational intervention over time. Therefore, for this study, only two types of data triangulation were utilised: space and person.  Space triangulation involves the collection of data from multiple sites (Roberts and Taylor, 2002). In this study, for example, data was collected from two hospitals emergency departments. Analysis from both sites helped evaluate the effectiveness of Phase III activities of this research and also increased the validity and strengthened the study (Begley, 1996; Halcomb and Andrew, 2005). Person triangulation implies that data was collected from more than one category of person (Roberts and Taylor, 2002; Taylor, Kermode, and Roberts, 2007). For example, in this study, participants included ED nurses as well as key forensic and healthcare stakeholders. The use of various legal and healthcare professionals provided greater insight into a variety of issues including: hospital administration, staffing, costing concerns; medical practices; Western Australian legal requirements and governmental policies; current evidentiary processes; as well as existing investigatory practices. Such data was utilised to support, supplement, and validate the information gained from published forensic material as well as the research data.

DYSLIPIDEMIA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DYSLIPIDEMIA - Assignment Example Dyslipidemia is an important component of the cluster of abnormalities in metabolic syndrome, basically implying an imbalance of lipids in circulation in the blood stream (Ruotolo & Howard, 2002). Dyslipidemia is characterized by increased triglycerides, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDLc, postprandial accumulation of lipoproteins rich in triglyceride and small, low density lipoproteins, LDL. It involves reesterification, this being the process of circulating free fatty acids getting oxidized and then synthesized back into triglyceride. Being a component of a syndrome related to many risk factors, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia presents a complex pathology. Even so, Foster and Prevost (2012) cite oxidative stress as a key hypothesis regarding the pathology of dyslipidemia. Oxidative stress, referring to the surplus of reactive oxygen species, ROS to antioxidant, fosters insulin resistance. This could occur because of excessive production of ROS which would overwhelm the capacity of ROS antioxidant or decrease production of antioxidants to inactivate ROS. Obesity has also been cited as a metabolic predisposition which eventually leads to dyslipidemia. Genetics also affects metabolic predisposition to resistance to insulin and dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemic conditions require laboratory testing to establish the specific abnormal blood lipid content or the lipoprotein content. As such, laboratory testing would involve measuring a blood sample for blood lipid profile and should be done every 5 years from as early as age 20. The levels of LDLc could be determined directly or using the Friedwald formula given by: This formula would however not be applied in cases where the triglyceride level of an individual exceeds 400 mg/dl. Notably, the basic lipid profile totaling triglyceride, HDLc and LDLc could fail to provide a clinician with adequate information to effectively diagnose dyslipidemia. In such cases, more sophisticated procedures

Angolas Tourism Infrastructure Development Research Paper

Angolas Tourism Infrastructure Development - Research Paper Example There exist a relationship between infrastructure and the tourism development. Measures to gauge the level of economic growth are based on the infrastructure development and standards of living. The tourist inflow would depend on the efforts of any central government to invest in infrastructure. Angola being an emerging economy in Africa needs to invest majorly in the infrastructure in order to realize its full capacity. Stiff competition from the south and East of Africa poses major challenges towards the overall performance of the country as a tourist hub (Hottola, 2009).   In order to suggest models be used by Angola in improving infrastructure and promoting tourism, the current economic status will be examined. The research will be based on the African Development Bank statistic to gauge the amount allocated by the government in both infrastructure and tourism. The sources of funding towards this project will be important in projecting the future capacities. Mazivila (2014) data will be used as Macroeconomic Indicators where status, estimates and future projections. The stability of Angola compared to other SADC members will determine the future strengths and weaknesses while investing in infrastructure and expanding current capacity. Foreign investments will establish Angola’s Income and government’s alternative sources of revenue. Trading Economics (2014) will give an insight of Angola’s foreign direct investments since 2004.  Infrastructure being the major concern in the tourist industry, the research will focus on the time factor. This will include the period used to procure documents that will enhance infrastructure development (The World Bank, 2005). The time taken in this country will compare Angola to other countries with developed tourism infrastructure (World Travel & Tourism Council. 2012).

Critically assess your placement's view of the doctrine of God to Essay

Critically assess your placement's view of the doctrine of God to demonstrate how it helps or hinders the missional engagement of your church within its local context - Essay Example The support and the quality interactions provided to be the Churches in the local communities has therefore, always been considered beneficiary in the Christian society. However, the type of interaction and teaching being imparted by different Churches depend on their understanding of the Doctrine of God and the concept of Trinity according to which, God exists in three forms, namely father, son and the Holy Spirit2. Taking all these aspects into consideration the discussion in this study will remain focused towards understanding the concepts of Doctrine of God. In addition, the discussion will also elaborate on the question that whether the Doctrine concept hinders or helps interaction of the Churches with the local communities. Accordingly, the discussion will also comprise of the evaluation of ‘four part missional theology analysis method’ with the intention to develop a succinct understanding regarding the non-existence of Churches in the absence of the Holy Spirit. Before understanding the impact of ‘Doctrine of God’ on the interaction of Churches with the local communities, a brief understanding needs to be attained regarding the theological concept. Contextually, it can be stated that different cultures have varied patterns of projecting their belief in God. For instance, in Christianity, the divineness of God has been elaborated in two specific forms. The first form of God has been projected to be ‘transcendent’, whereas the second form of God is projected as ‘immanent’. In the transcendent form, God has been elaborated as the divine power free from any dependence on this world3. Likewise, in the immanent form, God has been described as an active participator within all the happenings in the world. Correspondingly, the necessity of understanding this fact resulted in the emergence of the Doctrine of God concepts wherein the statements and attributes made by God were evaluated4. For instance, attributes, such as

Positron Emission Tomography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Positron Emission Tomography - Essay Example The nucleus of an atom has nucleons and the protons collectively known as nucleon. The mass number is the total number of nucleons present in a nucleus. A nuclide has the following composition, Atomic number denoted by Z, the neutron number denoted by N and the mass number denoted by A. isotopes are atomic species having identical properties in chemical composition (Z) but different mass numbers (A). The atom’s outermost orbital electrons are involved in the chemical reactions and the chemical behavior will not change when the compound is labeled with radioactive isotope. In addition, the nuclear radioactive characteristics are not affected by the chemical composition of the atom. When a small volume of a system comprises of numerous particles that are confined together, then the system becomes unstable. An unstable nucleus then becomes stable by transforming itself through emission of particles and photons. This process is what is termed as radioactive decay, and when the nuc lides undergo through a similar process, it is called radionuclide. The radioactivity studies form the basis to understand the atomic nucleus. Initial unstable nucleus in the decay of radioactive nuclides is known as the parent and daughter is the final nucleus that is more

The 4As Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The 4As - Essay Example 4A’s always attempts to improve the agency business. With 750 members and 1250 branch offices, approximately 80% of 4A’s members are placed in all national advertising agencies. Virtually all of the large multinational agencies are members of the 4A’s. While at the same time, along with addressing the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders, the organization fulfills its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as well. The association represents advertising agency business to public service work of the Advertising Council, Inc. and Spencer, AAAA Educational Foundation which offers allowances and fellowship to graduate multicultural learners studying advertising at college or graduate school levels. It also runs a group insurance and group pension/profit sharing plan for the benefit of employees in agencies. 4A’s has its individual composition of constitution, mission statement, by-laws and standards of practice approved by the Board of Directors along with membership together (American Association of Advertising Agencies, 2013). Mission and Purpose of 4A’s The mission of 4A’s is to improve and to strengthen the advertising agency business in the United States by counselling members on operations and management by offering collective experience of the many to each. It strives to establish high creativity and business standards by attracting quality workforce to the business. Considering itself as a management oriented agency, the association is focused on providing leadership, support and assistance to the advertising community in serious areas such as compensation, agency operation, talent management, business development, government policy and technology. The organization divides its purpose in short-term and long-term bases. Short-term goal includes endorsing friendly relations within the entire associated agencies and maintaining as well as preserving honesty along with fairness. Moreover, working with the govern ment and consumers on matters which affect advertising is also a key short-term goal. Long-term goal includes fostering social responsibility of advertising and marketing, and fostering scientific research along with innovation to continually improve advertising. Moreover, to provide their members with unlimited access to their full time team of information specialist, which helps a client to meet all the secondary research needs, such as industry statics, creative work, and demographic data, original research, surveys and white papers, comes under their prime purpose (American Association of Advertising Agencies, 2013; SlideShare Inc, 2013). Services Offered by 4A’s 4A’s provides insurance and pension/profit sharing plan for the welfare of their associates in agencies. The agency is mainly involved in planning, producing, creating advertisement and performing research along with selecting media. The 4A’s runs its own research departments. Consulting and advisor y services on a variety of management related topics, training and professional development programmes and research services, including access to specialists and numerous databases are a few more services offered by 4A’s. 4A’s devotes a part of its time and energy in facilitating government on matters that have an impact on advertising and marketing communication industry. It has committed a substantial effort in creating responsible practices in two vital areas, food and beverage related advertising to the children along

Cover Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Cover Letter - Essay Example Taking Microsoft as an example, as competition grows in the business climate the organization outstands and outlasts its arena of competitors by innovating its old ways, transforming itself rightly to adopt cultures fitting to the organizational needs. The purpose of conceptualized organizational change is to gain the competitive advantage over others. What differentiates the learning organization is its adoption of the resources-oriented school of thought. Armed with these thoughts, the organization channeled their resources into their core competence unique to all and not to be copied. According to Peter Senge, learning organizations are organizations where people continually expand their capacity to create results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning to see the whole together (1990:3). Evident of such higher learning organizations has among their members a fundamental shift of mind to create their future. The top leaders function in making the right choices for the organization and learning about the organization requirement in the new view of leadership. The learning organizations directed by their shared values and principles consist of the total collaboration of employees with their collective ideas of making right changes in all process involvements. The organization equips the employees with continued learning opportunities to encourage and provide for the working toward their goals. Learning organizations inquires and dialogues with their people to safely share in open and progressively enrich themselves with more corporate activities. Dialogue is the essential discipline to build in its organization the shared vision and to develop within individuals strong mental models. The learning organizations provide managers and individuals or teams with visualized ideas on how things could

Beauty of Switzerland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Beauty of Switzerland - Essay Example They have very skilled and qualified labors. The economy is divided into many areas most prominent of them are technology including biotechnology, banking and financial services and pharmaceutical industry. Small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in the economic development. The GDP growth rate is 2.8% nominal and 2.7% real. Â  The area of Switzerland is 41285-kilometer square and the boundary is 18558 kilometers. The boundary lines with the neighboring countries include France, Italy Austria, and France. All the four dimensions have different names, such as, Oberbargen (N 47Â ° 48 35"), Piz Chavalatsch (E 10Â ° 29 36"), Chiasso (N 45Â ° 49 08") and Chancy (E 5Â ° 57 24"). Dufourspitze has the highest elevation i.e. 4634 m.a.s (15200 feet) and Lago Maggiore has the lowest elevation i.e. 193 m.a.s (633 feet) (Renouf 2010). Â  Music: basically Switzerland is not a complete musical country but in the 20th century it had some very good composers such as Arthur Honegger, Othmar Schoeck, and Frank Martin. The music is categorized in different areas such as folk music, classical music, rock, pop, and jazz. Â  Science: The scientists from Switzerland have shown great contributions in the field of science, for instance, they introduced chemistry in the medicine. There are recognizable contributions in physics and mathematics is also made. Â  Leisure: The beautiful mountainous areas of the country have really influenced the leisure of the people. Their leisure activities include skiing, mountaineering, golf, tennis, football, basketball, gliding, swimming, mountain biking, and hiking. Â  

Teaching And Learning Activities Essay Example for Free

Teaching And Learning Activities Essay Introduction There are many teaching and learning activities which are used to achieve lesson plan aims and objectives. The choice will depend upon a number of factors, such as the domain and level of objective. For example, the most appropriate activities to learn a motor skill is through demonstration and individual practice whereas to gain knowledge and understanding a lecture, group debate and question and answer sessions activities are more appropriate (Reese and Walker p137). Reese and Walker (pg 140) states that Honey and Mumford (1986) published the manual of learning styles which identified four main learning styles: Activists whom, enjoy the present, like the immediate experience and respond to short term issues Reflectors whom, prefer to think about things and explore all aspects before coming to a conclusion. Theorists whom, like principles, theories, models and systems. Pragmatists whom look for new ideas and are keen to experiment We as teachers therefore need to think about what teaching strategies the students prefer, particular in a class which consists of a mixture of activists, reflectors, theorist and pragmatists. The group size is another important factor to consider when choosing a learning activity. Different strategies/ activities are more appropriate for different group size. At one extreme a group may consist of only one student. In such circumstances methods such as projects or assignments, and tutoring may be more suitable whereas for small groups of between 5 and 20 students, a discussion method is suitable. A group between 10 and 20 the approach often adopted is what is traditionally called classroom teaching (Reese and Walker pg 137) which consists of a mixture of methods. Groups greater than 20 students, suitable strategies could be lecture and demonstration. Generally, students learn in different ways: an approach that is appropriate to one student may not be appropriate for another. Some people learn better in a group through the interaction with both the teacher and other students. We must therefore realise the importance of varying learning activities for our students (Reese and Walker, pg 138). The aims and objectives of this assignment are to: a) Review the range of teaching and learning activities available to promote open access and widening participation. Review the range of resources available within the organisation for a selected curriculum area b) Prepare, use and evaluate one of teaching and learning activities and resources. c) Evaluate one of the activities selected. d) Analyse the strengths and challenges of the selected resource and how it has supported learning. Teaching and Learning Activities As discussed by Petty (pg 15) there are two approaches to guide the choice of activities, the mnemonic EDUCARE (table 1.1) and CIA (table 1.2). Educare is a suitable guide when learning is focused on acquiring specific skills whereas CIA is a more indirect approach to arranging corrected practise if learning is not focused on acquiring specific skills. EDUCARE E Explanation, student needs to understand why the skill is required D Doing-Detail via demonstration or case study, for example U Use, practise skill C Check and correct practise A Aide-memoire, student requires reminder- for example notes, handout R Review and reuse, of earlier work so that old learning is not forgotten E Evaluation. Table 1.1 (Petty, pg15) CIA C Content, Clarify topic content to an appropriate depth and breadth I Ideas, Determine contents main: concepts, factors, evidence, viewpoints etc A Activities, Create questions and activities where students must reason with the key ideas Table 1.1 (Petty, pg 357) I apply both approaches depending on the subject area, in some instances EDUCARE may be a more suitable guide for a topic in chemistry whereas CIA is suitable for a topic in biology. For the training aspect of my job the CIA approach is more appropriate because the trainees teaching are not acquiring specific skills. My current role at Thermo Electron Corporation involves training clients on how utilise sophisticated equipments and teach chemistry classes and assist biology classes voluntarily at St Helens College. The training sessions runs for 2 days 09:00 to 16:30 every three months. The number of clients range between 5 and 12 with different scientific backgrounds and various levels of experience with the equipments. The next training session will be on April 25th and 26th for 8 clients. The total number of training hours is 15. I have a training manual from the former trainer which I follow for each training session. The training sessions involves audio, visual and kinaesthetic teaching styles. I use OHP, handouts and demonstrations. The organic chemistry and physiology course duration is 16 weeks (from January 2006 to May 2006). The chemistry are 3 hours in the evenings, 5 students in total of mixed gender, aged 16-19, and all students are currently employed by United Utilities and come on the course on day release basis from their employers. Their main reason for being on the course is for qualification purposes to improve career prospects and the recommendation by their employer. The physiology classes are 3 hours per week, 18 students in total, mixed gender and age ranges 16-19. Most are straight from secondary school others are repeating the units. I currently assist the tutor to set-up practical session. The teaching and learning activities (particularly in a classroom environment) that I use in order to promote open access and encourage participation include Ice-breakers, group activities (games, quizzes), brainstorming sessions and discussions. The ice-breakers and informal introductions allows learners to know each other and usually reveal what the learners bring to the group; such as, questions, experience (good or bad, personal and academic), and varied levels of knowledge of the subject. The activities I use more frequently are group activities. I split the group into 2 or 3 group (depending on activity and the no. of attendees) to carry out matching card games, electronic games or to partake in a quiz. Matching cards game. The maximum number of students on the evening organic chemistry course is five, for this reason they all work in a group. I prepare two sets of cards, one set with question and the other set with answers. During the lesions the students are told to arrange the seating so as to work in a team. They are then presented with the cards are given a period of time in which to complete the task. Electronic games. The students work individually. Prior to the lesson I research subject-related game on the internet. The last game found had a game show type theme, who wants to be a millionaire type format. The more questions you answer correctly the closer the chances of winning à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1Million! Class Quiz The class is arranged again in a game show setting, split into two groups. The team that gives the highest number of answers correctly wins the game. These activities prove favourable for the students, it makes the learning process fun and interesting, at the same time encouraging teamwork and participation. The group activities also gives me the opportunity to observe social interaction; study learners relationship with one another; gain an insight to their character and; identify confident, reluctant, dominant and quieter characters. I would definitely reuse this method as it is a very effective learning method. Although the activities have proven successful there are areas of improvement. Such introducing more different types of games; setting tasks so that at the right level for all students; setting different tasks for different students; stretching activities for students/groups whom finish early; check students work by moving systematically round the class; looking over their shoulders and possibly; asking students to self-check or peer-check. For tasks such as the Matching cards game it ensures that no one is completing the tasks incorrectly, and would allow the tutor to manage the tasks more effectively (Petty, pg 170). Resources A resource, as defined by Reece and Walker is a support to teaching strategies which assists learning. The resources I often use to present materials and teach are WB, handouts, OHP, and the Internet. Aside the Whiteboard, the resource I use most often are handouts (see attached example of my lesson plan). The handouts are distributed at the start of the lesson. The handouts are combinations of worksheets and information handouts. They include text, Q A sections and diagrams from the internet or/and textbooks relevant to the topic for that session. The worksheets (incomplete handouts) have gaps which the students are expected to fill-in during the lesson and on occasions complete for homework The source of diagrams and texts are always referenced, for copy-write purposes and to encourage the student do own research/study. The diagrams are colourful illustrations; and the text is often printed on coloured paper in order to differentiate between different aspects. The students are talked through the handouts and asked to answer the questions or fill-in the gaps individually (occasionally in groups). I find this resource a very effective visual aid for learning; it is simple, to the point and interesting. The main advantages of visual aids as discussed by Petty are; they gain attention; they add variety and interest; they aid conceptualisation, many ideas are understood visually rather than verbally; they aid memory, I find that the students find visual information easier to remember than verbal information and lastly; they show you care, going to trouble of preparing visual aids shows students you take their learning seriously. The resources weakness on the other-hand is that the learner tends not to read the handouts that are why it is good practice to include incomplete handouts at the start of the lesson. Completion of the handout can form the focus of the learning (Reece and Walker pg 212). I evaluate the chosen aid by asking my students their opinion about the suitability and whether they assisted learning. The feedback is generally positive, especially about the bright coloured papers! Teaching methods Petty (1998 pg 121) states that in order to make an informed choice of teaching method and in order to be adaptable and have a variety of activities for lesson planning, the teacher must know what teaching methods are available; what are the strengths and weaknesses of these methods; what purpose each of them can serve and; how each should be used in practice. I choose resources that are best suited to my teaching methods. Depending on the topic my methods can include one or more of the following; audio, visual, activities, demonstrations and discussions. For example the white board, handouts and cards are resources best suited for brainstorming/discussion and group activities. According to Reese and Walker (pg 138) we as teachers need to consider how to provide the experiences so as to make learning as easy and quick to possible. Two possible approaches are; to design a teaching programme where the content is carefully derived from an analysis of the students personal, social/or vocational needs, and which is implemented by the tutor in controlled and organised manner; the second approach starts from the experience of the student. It then depends upon the student identifying and accepting a need to learn. The teaching methods which allow this second approach to be implemented will be project work derived from students current experience, discussions, activities designed to provide opportunities for specific learning outcomes, and the learning of specific problem-solving techniques. Reference Petty, G. Teaching Today, second edition, 1998, pages 121-166 and 315-333. Reece, I. and Walker, S. Teaching, Training and Learning. A practical guide, fourth edition, 2000, pages 6, 49-57, 531-533.

Current health and safety legislation Essay Example for Free

Current health and safety legislation Essay Ensure the area in or outdoors is free of any hazards or risks and is safe for CYP to work or play in safely. There should be adequate space for the number of people using it to move round comfortably and safely. Equipment should be stored safely storage should be labelled clearly. Furniture should be appropriate size for age of CYP using it. Lighting and noise should be taken into account and specific risks to individuals as in pregnancy, impaired sight or hearing, disabled, and CYP with special educational needs. We have a duty of care towards all the CYP in our care. The outdoor environment has some different needs like secure boundaries, being regularly inspected. The area should be checked for litter broken glass or animal droppings. Ensure any plants bushes or trees are safe no thorns or nettles and no poisonous or irritant leaves, berries, or flowers. Safety rules should be displayed and explained to the CYP also making sure they have a clear understanding of how to use any toys or equipment safely. Areas that include ponds, pools and sandpits etc should be covered when not in use. Be aware of lines of responsibility for checking the learning environment for risks and hazards. Your health and safety officer should answer any queries you have. There should be the correct ratio of adults to children with suitable training and safety clearance. In both these environments and off-site visits everyone should be aware of what to do in case of: emergencies, fire alarms, incidents, accidents or illness. Be aware of possible signs and indicators of child abuse: physical, emotional, sexual abuse, bullying and harassment , neglect and failure to thrive not based on illness. The signs could be: behavioural changes such as regression, withdrawal, excessive attention seeking, aggression and negative behaviour. Physical indicators such as unlikely bruising, burns, marks, genital irritation or damage, hunger , being dirty, lack of  health care. In school we have notices about certain children whom either have allergies, specific illnesses that require specialised medication or immediate contacting of emergency services, they have a picture of the child and detailed instructions of what to do in an emergency. All incidents and accidents no matter how minor are recorded in detail in our first aid book, anything more serious has to be recorded on special incident sheets along with any witness statements. We have regular fire drill practices. There are security locks on the main exits that can only be opened with a swipe card that only members of staff have. If someone should get through this system and are unknown to staff they will be challenged by any member of staff within the school and asked to leave. All the CYP’s are regularly reminded of stranger danger and what to do if they should be approached by a stranger. The gates are locked to the entrance of the school at starting and leaving times for the CYP’s to ensure there is no danger from cars or lorries driving on and off site. CYP are regularly reminded of hygiene issues like washing hands after using the toilet or at lunch times before eating their food, there are also posters to remind them on a daily basis too.

Causes of Maori Health Inequalities and Policies for Change

Causes of Maori Health Inequalities and Policies for Change Managing Organizational Equality and Diversity Introduction For the past years, there had been a debate about the congruity in health between Maoris and non-Maoris in the colonial history of New Zealand. There are variations worldwide in the health of aboriginal people considering their historical, political, economic and social situations. An analytical review of the key literature concerning historical, social, economic and political processes will be discussed here. This led to the inequalities and incongruity in the Maori and non-Maori health conditions. [1] The health of the aboriginal people certainly affected by the invasion of the non native people which includes several components which are connected with changes related to socioeconomic and cultural differences, heathcare availability, life styles, inequality, and inevitable change in a specific environment and their mutual intercommunication. An example to this is the Maoris who were the native people of the New Zealand. Researchers states that there had been a considerable variation between the Maori and non Maori life span considering the health policies and health care designs as per the socioeconomic and values of the people not residing there. Presently, our focus will be in the health realities of the group namely Maori and resolve how these factors affected to the inequality and disparities in Maori and non-Maori health conditions. The New Zealand settlement: Polynesian Era The initial settlement of New Zealand took place around 1280 CE. It was found by the Polynesians as they were the ocean navigators and astronomers. The time from about 1280 to about 1450 is usually called the Moa hunter period. People became more settled, contented and less nomadic when they reached 18th century. They also developed several strategies to cook and cultivate and process food as well. Classical and indigenous Maori used to believe that having diseases means being punished or being cursed for leaving the group or tribe but later on the eventually found that the disease rooted from the family. Aside Phthisis, the chronic disorders like Tuberculosis and Leprosy were the common diseases found in colonizing Polynesians in that period. Isolating the diseased is the standard practice to save the patient and also the community from the contaminable disease. The New Zealand settlement: The Treaty of Waitangi 1000 years ago, Maori travelled through the Pacific Ocean and arrived to New Zeland from Polynesian. The communication between Maori and Europeans occurred in around 1800. In 1840 the Treaty of Waitangi the founding document of New Zealand and a formal agreement for British settlement with a assurance of protection of Maori interests was signed between British crown and some of the Maori leaders. It is through the treaty that Maori were going to have their unique rights as a native people of New Zealand. The treaty’s was assigned to save and preserve the well-being of all citizens and settlers and its health implications to the equity and participation of the people and the government.[2] Health Status of Maori The Effect of colonization on Maori Maori encountered a epidemiological transition because of the consequence of colonization on their diseases and death rates in which diseases of old age and lifestyle change infections as the primary cause of death. The Effect of European contact on Maori life expectancy Maori life expectancy at the era of Captain James Cook’s visits to New Zealand was greater than that in Britain between 1769 and 1777. The researches implied that Maori may have had a life expectancy at birth or more than compared to the people of Britain. After the communication with the European, however there was a considerable deterioration in Maori life expectancy. Maori peoplehad an estimated life expectancy of only 25 and 23 years respectively By 1891.[3] Population decline phase The population of Maori is estimated to be around eighty thousand in the beginnings of the 18th century having a population of about two thousand colonist. There was a large incursion of the intruders in 1958 after the signing of the treaty. After that, an increasing number of colonist found the two groups both numbering approximately equal number of fifty nine thousand. By 1901, the country’s demographics had exaggeratedly change with the population of settlers outnumbering the Maori. Musket warfare and The Effect of introduced diseases In the same era, warfare caused about 700 death per year but this is lesser compared to the deaths caused by secondary infections. Maoris weren’t resistant to acute infections although they were carrying chronic disorders, so newly introduced illness that were ordinary in Europe such as measles, whooping cough and mumps took a fast track among Maori. They influenced both elders and children with disappointing results. There had been a lot of reported deaths of Maori in the 19th century because of respiratory diseases specifically bronchitis along with tuberculosis. Loss of Maori land There was a displacement of large numbers of Maori because of the requisition of their lands in 1869s wars, British crown purchase and the greater demand and pressure over the government workers for selling Maori lands by using hook or crook process. Clarifying Health Disparities William’s basic cause model shows a conceptual process to show why inequities exist. It is useful in examining the part of the different factors in being mentioned above. Therefore, this will be used in showing possible reasons why Maori are influenced more by diseases more than their non Maori counterpart. [4] As from the above chart it can seen that a number of different elaborations have been suggested as a causative mechanisms for the inequalities in health between Maoris and non-Maoris. Broadly we can categorize these into genetic and non-genetic factors. Genetic factors It was recently suggested that these discovered differences are due to genetic factors. Genetic factors do not appear to have a major contribute in population and public health although it has a little contribution in health status. Non Genetic factors The non genetic elaborations regarding factors effecting Maori and non Maori heath can be classified into the following sections magnifying socioeconomic factors, lifestyle factors, political approach and access to health care, and inequalities.. Socioeconomic Factors Social Determinants of Health Factors like cultural, social and economic that influence health are usually reported as the Social determinants of health. The lifestyle and condition of people living and working directly affects their health ad life expectancy. [5] The Vicious Cycle of Disadvantage The above cycle shows that there is a well established link between poverty and poor health. People having lower socio economic status are more likely to have worse reported health higher rates of disability, morbidity and mortality because of different diseases and several injuries. And this happens to be the cause of having repetitive cycle that gives disadvantages in a lot of aspects of life including health. This cycle influenced the health of Maori in every aspect of their evolution. Level of income and its effect on health regains This is a very basic factor that defines the ease of the basic pre requisites for health. Several studies have shown increasing morbidity and mortality with increasing deprivation. However, lowering of Maori health status is only little explained by relative socioeconomic disadvantage and Maori mortality rates have been demonstrated to be consistently high even after control for social factors responsible. The table below shows an example of such difference and comparison. Smith and Pearce Data comparing social, life style and Disease associated factors accountable for the downfall of the health of Maori people (1974 to 1978) over non Maori Determinants factors affecting health status of Maori and non Maori males Difference between Maori and non Maori male mortality rates (%) Socioeconomic factors 20 Life style factors Smoking 15 Alcohol 10 Obesity 05 Accidents 17 Diseases associated factors 35 Life Style factors The table above shows that different life style factors like smoking and engaging to alcohol can also be one of the mechanisms on the socio economic factors that influence health status. However, when interpreting, it is necessary to consider the extent to which different life style may account for differences in health status of Mauri and non-Maori people. As for example the recent national surveys have shown the fallowing resultspresented in the form of a table given below. Concerned people class In (%) Rate of smoking Obesity Hypertension Maori Men 53 47 46 Women 53 39 50 Non Maori Men 20 17 43 Women 20 21 38 Nonetheless, there also other factors like, gender oriented, political, psychological and environmental factors equally participate in the decreasing health of Maori and non-Maori as can be seen from the chart below. Political approach to Maori and non-Maori Health Access to the Health Care According to the hon, Annette King(Minister of Health), the developments in Maori ealth status are important and that Maori on the average have the least health profile of any group in New Zealand. The government has addressed the focus of giving importance to Maori to Maori health gain and improvement by recognizing a need to decrease and eventually eliminate health inequalities that does not affect Maori positively.[6] [7] As written in the bar graph above, researchers suggest that a particular proportion of the excess mortality among Maoris community from diseases for which effective health care is available showing differences in access to health care. Various researches showed that a large number of Maori adults have problems in having important care in their local area, as compared with of non-Maoris. Maoris were twice as non-Maoris in terms of not having much of health care in the past year due to the cost of such care. Shown from the table below, in a whole range of perspective, the ratio of high income to low income households we can say that the profit inequalities are increasing. Discrimination Health inequalities Professor Blakely states that while in New Zealand rates are good considering different aspects of everyday life, social injustice is killing people on a large scale, health inequalities within the ethnic groups remain large and those between socioeconomic groups and regions are the same with those of other developed countries. Maori health inequalities Even though overall hospital discharges maori rates continue to be about twice as higher than non-Maori. There has been a tenacious addition in life expectancy among Maoris since the 1950s, but recent results states that a wide range between Maoris and non-Maoris. For example from the table below, we can get relevant information and compare the maori and non-Maori life expectancies in specific years. Life expectancy at birth Maori Non Maori Male Female Male Female 1986 1984 64.6 69.6 70.9 77.2 1996 1999 65.8 71.0 75.7 80.8 Pacific health inequalities The techniques and rules for Pacific Health promotion is traditionally inappropriate approach to specific people. The programs that should be introduced are those that doesn’t take for granted the social and cultural contexts of the people if we don’t suppose to be targeting the failure. There had been evidences that prove that culturally interventions improved. The evidence says that there were the times when the pacific health condition was even worse than the Maori health status as shown in the table below. We can see the information as shown above by Craig et al, 2007. It obviously shows us the picture of increased rate ratios of respiratory disorders for particular people. Similarly the chart below shows the focus on the hospitalization rates in a particular year and thereby signifying the deranged health condition of the pacific people in some phases in the past. Asian health inequalities Dr. Kawshi De Silva, the chairperson of the asian health Foundation says the policy would be void for the health of Asian people in New Zealand if there are no proper remarks to consider or manipulate Asian people when having a study or postulating policy. Asian health seem to have a little part in the health system outside the control of reference for the majority organizations providing public and personal health services. With the particular issues to Asian migrants, they also have to catch up with the problems being encountered from low paid work or long term employment..[8] A changing trend towards the Health for All The New Zealand’s national health care system was built with its objectives to provide free or low cost medical care to be delivered by the professionals. To deliver such primary and secondary healthcare and following steps were further tackled, (1) the era of Maori health care provider services and (2) the introduction of cultural safety education (3) DHB initiatives. Maori Health Care Providers and DHB Initiatives The provision of services and organizations and clubs that particularly contain Maori people and who can be exercised to acquire skills that will give them chance to serve their community in a good, disciplined and planned manner. The employment of basically Maori staff that is more likely to have access to Maori consumers in their communities, and active inclusion of the community in the planning and delivery of services. To develop the quality of result the number of Maori health providers increased in 2004. But these providers have encountered a number of trials in terms of lack of good primary health data. Also due to the Maori providers service primarily with families with high levels of need in terms of health services, addition on the costs are expected if health gains are to be achieved, and funders must take this situation into account.[9] Cultural Safety Education The idea or the concept of cultural safety depends on how it is being recognized, respected, and acknowledged considering the rights, customs and traditions of others. Encountering the practice of cultural safety, they should relate to other person in such a way that the person feels at ease or without restrictions in terms of their culture differences like values and customs. They felt they needed to develop the cultural safety because the Maori people weren’t able to ask for help in terms of care from the monoculture nonresident personnel’s clinic where they found it very hard to relate, adjust and communicate about what they feel and what they believe about their health and illness, death and dying, bodily modesty and gender roles. It was developed with a goal to develop health esults for Maori who were lagging behind in terms of health gains as compared to non Maori. The cultural safety in nursing now carries a broader and critical sense and meaning for health professionals in not only developing the health of Maori but also fro the training of health professionals for a better nursing for all. It brings critical awareness and concerns in terms of social and economic sector as well as varied cultiure. Through the development of the system in Maori service, they have also put emphasis on improving Maoris’ access to mainstream services. This also serves as an educational blueprint built to mutually understand the relationships between health professionals and those they serve. The initiative has been taught in nursing and midwifery programs since 1992 and it is now a requirement for nursing and midwifery registration examinations in New Zealand.[10] CONCLUSIONS To conclude, there are a lot of injustice that led to sufferings and inequalities in health between Maoris and non-Maoris have been reported for an entire period of the colonial history of New Zealand. On the other hand, there are also improvements but still it is not enough to fill the gap. It is suggested to have approaches to cope up with this. [11] The recent health programs and policies or rules are built to enhance health care access and the starting of cultural safety along with the DHB initiatives are taking a multi cultural approach that guides both the development of Maori provider services and the development of mainstream services through provision of culturally safe care. The strength behind the recent initiatives described here came from the poor health status of the native people of the New Zealand and their clear approach for developed health services. Maori provider organizations and cultural safety education and DHB initiatives are examples that have joined forces recently to vanquish the not only to upcoming government policies that have been presented to promote the health conditions of indigenous peoples but also to each and every healthcare professionals to be open minded and open for a change so that they will be able to adjust their personality or perception for the greater good that everyone expects to follow. Bibliography References from www.google.com Ellison-Loschmann, L., Pearce, N. (2006, April). APHA. Promoting public health research, policy practice and education: Improving access to healthcare among new Zealand maori population. Am J Public Health, 96(4), 612-617. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.070680 Maori culture.Wikipedia Pool, I.(2012, July). Death rates and life expectancies: Effects of colonisation on maori. The encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/death-rates-and-life-expectancy/page-4 Lloyd, D.,Newell, S. Dietrich, C. U.(2004). Health inequalities: A review of the literature. Southern cross university. [emailprotected] Nursing Council of New Zealand. (2011). Guidelines for cultural safety, the treaty of Waitangi, and maori health in nursing education and practice. Wellington 6011. ISBN 978-0-908662-38-8 Story ethnic inequalities. The encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/graph/29611/mortality-rates-for-males-by-ethnicity Public health association of NZ. (2008, Oct). PHA NEWS, 9(4). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/121-1281/3235/ Robjcarr.(2012, August). Williams basic cause model: Equity and Inequalities in New Zealand health. Retrieved from http://robjcarr.wordpress.com/page/2/ Online Internet Articles. [1]RazasHumanas: Los alawa y los indegenasaustralianos.Retrieved from http://petalofucsia.blogia.com/temas/razas-humanas.php [2] Ellison-Loschmann, L., Pearce, N. (2006, April). APHA. Promoting public health research, policy practice and education: Improving access to healthcare among new Zealand maori population. Am J Public Health, 96(4), 612-617. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.070680 [3] Pool, I.(2012, July). Death rates and life expectancies: Effects of colonisation on maori. The encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/death-rates-and-life-expectancy/page-4 [4]Robjcarr.(2012, August). Williams basic cause model: Equity and Inequalities in New Zealand health. Retrieved from http://robjcarr.wordpress.com/page/2/ [5]Lloyd, D.,Newell, S. Dietrich, C. U.(2004). Health inequalities: A review of the literature. Southern cross university. [emailprotected] [6] Nursing Council of New Zealand. (2011). Guidelines for cultural safety, the treaty of Waitangi, and maori health in nursing education and practice. Wellington 6011. ISBN 978-0-908662-38-8 [7] Story ethnic inequalities. The encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved from http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/graph/29611/mortality-rates-for-males-by-ethnicity [8] Public health association of NZ. (2008, Oct). PHA NEWS, 9(4). Retrieved from http://journal.nzma.org.nz/journal/121-1281/3235/ [9] Ellison-Loschmann, L., Pearce, N. (2006, April). APHA. Promoting public health research, policy practice and education: Improving access to healthcare among new Zealand maori population. Am J Public Health, 96(4), 612-617. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.070680 [10] Nursing Council of New Zealand. (2011). Guidelines for cultural safety, the treaty of Waitangi, and maori health in nursing education and practice. Wellington 6011. ISBN 978-0-908662-38-8 [11] Maori culture. Maori culture listening. Retrieved from http://www.whakatane.info/activities/maori-culture

Guillain-Barre Syndrome Essay -- Health Medical Medicine Essays

Guillain-Barre Syndrome Most people do not expect to become paralyzed during the course of their lives. Barring injury to the nervous system or debilitating disease, one does not expect to lose motor function. In spite of these expectations, people of all races, sexes, ages, and classes can be afflicted with a debilitating syndrome that can lead to difficulty in walking or even to temporary paralysis in the most severe cases. This syndrome is known commonly as Guillain-Barre Syndrome, or GBS. GBS is an inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nerves. When the syndrome occurs, the body's peripheral nerves become inflamed and cease to work due to an unknown cause. (1) (3) Around 50% of the cases of GBS appear after a bacterial or viral infection. (1) The syndrome can also appear after surgery or vaccination. GBS can appear hours or days after these incidences or can even take up to three or four weeks to appear. (4) Some theories propose that GBS is caused by a mechanism of the autoimmune system that prompts antibodies and white blood cells to attack the covering and insulation of the nerve cells, which leads to abnormal sensation. GBS is considered a syndrome rather than a disease, because its description is based on a set of symptoms reported by the patient to her doctor. (5) GBS is also known as acute inflammatory demylinating polyneuropathy and Landry's ascending paralysis after Jean B. O. Landry, a French physician who described a disorder that "paralyzed the legs, arms, neck, and breathing muscles of the chest." (4) (1) GBS was named after French physicians Georges Guillain and Jean Alexander Barre who, along with fellow physician Andre Stohl, described the differences of the spinal fluid of those who suffered f... ...undation International, based in Wynnewood, PA. http://www.guillain-barre.com/overview.html 2) Kolata, Gina. Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus That Caused It. Simon & Schuster: New York. Pgs. 167-185. 3) Guillain-Barrà © Support Group, The homepage for the Guillain-Barre Syndrome Support Group based in the United Kingdom. The organization disseminates information to sufferers of the syndrome and their family and friends. http://www.gbs.org.uk/index2.shtml 4) NINDS Guillain-Barre Information Page, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke information page on GBS. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/gbs/gbs.htm 5) GBS - An Overview For The Layperson, An overview of GBS written by Dr. Joel S. Steinberg, a neurologist that once suffered from GBS. http://members.ozemail.com.au/~guillain/gbs.htm

Conflicting Desires in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man :: Portrait Artist Young Man

Conflicting Desires in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man In the story, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, written by James Joyce, the main character Stephen Dedalus has many encounters with women. Women and sexuality are major influences on Stephen's adolescent life. Another major factor that has an influence on Stephen's life is the Church. Women and sexuality conflict with the Church and its beliefs, and that is one of Stephen's major problems thus far. Stephen is having a very big identity crisis, from being a God fearing Catholic to a very hormonal teenager. As Stephen sits at the "adults" dinner table for the first time, his father, Mr. Casey and Dante are fighting about religion and politics in Ireland. As they are arguing, Stephen's train of thought leads him to think about Eileen. Eileen Vance was the little girl that Stephen wanted to marry when he was younger. She is described to have ivory hands and golden hair, which confuses Stephen with the phrases, "Tower of Ivory" and "House of Gold" which is part of the Roman Catholic Litany of Our Lady. Later when Stephen is at school, he again thinks about Eileen. Stephen gets his first sensual experience from Eileen when she puts her hand into his pocket and touches his hand. Stephen gets quite confused with the terms of the Litany of Our Lady so he starts to associate the "Tower of Ivory" and "House of Gold" to Eileen. The way James Joyce describes the scene, "She had put her hand into his pocket where his hand was and he had felt how cool and thin and soft her hand was."(43) gives the reader the idea that Stephen enjoyed the feeling. The only problem with Eileen was that she was a Protestant and Stephen was a Catholic. Stephen also associates women with the Virgin Mary, who was the mother of Jesus Christ. He thinks women as pure, just as Mary was and since he already associated the "Tower of Ivory" and "House of Gold" with Eileen, he assumes her to be like the Virgin. Another influence of women in Stephen's life comes from the story "The Count of Monte Cristo" while reading this story, Stephen starts to fantasize about Mercedes.

The Compulsion Toward Evil in Young Goodman Brown †Is It Correct? Essa

The Compulsion Toward Evil in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† – Is It Correct?    This essay intends to show that the compulsion toward evil indicated in the tale â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† on the part of not only the main characters but also the townspeople at large (in other words â€Å"the whole world†) is contained in many of Hawthorne’s tales, and it is an incorrect notion. Nathaniel Hawthorne used compulsion as a theme not only in this short story but in others as well. Consider the comments of Frederick C. Crews in â€Å"The Logic of Compulsion in ‘Roger Malvin’s Burial’: Yet a scrupulous examination of the main character’s motives reveals that Hawthorne has approached his subject on a deeper level than the ethical – that he has not asked what someone in a certain predicament should do, but rather how a man may become the victim of unconscious hypocrisies over which he has no ethical control at all. Indeed, the working-out of the plot is strictly dependent, not on a religious attitude of Hawthorne’s, but on an amazingly rigid logic of unconscious compulsion [italics mine] in the protagonist. . . . in nearly all Hawthorne’s tales, I would maintain, the moral â€Å"message’ is a secondary element. In Salem village that fateful night when the young Puritan husband was departing home for the night, he exchanged â€Å"a parting kiss with his young wife.† The wind was playing with â€Å"the pink ribbons of her cap.† Literary critic Wagenknecht surveys some of the critical interpretation relative to these ribbons on Faith’s cap and how they convey a message from Hawthorne: Mathews finds the pastel of infancy in pink, but since pink is a color intermediate between red and white, William V. Davis prefers to take it as suggesting â€Å"neither total deprav... ...ism/ccc_toc.htm Crews, Frederick C. â€Å"The Logic of Compulsion in ‘Roger Malvin’s Burial’: In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Complete Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Doubleday and Co., Inc.,1959. 247-56. Lang, H.J.. â€Å"How Ambiguous is Hawthorne?† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Leavis, Q.D. â€Å"Hawthorne as Poet.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Martin, Terence â€Å"Six Tales.† In Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Twayne Publishers Inc., 1965. Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne – The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York: Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.   

Telecity Group Plc Financal Statement Analysis

Submitted in fulfillment of assignment 1 of Financial and Management Accounting course Telecity Group plc Background Founded in 1998 with the establishing of the first data centre in Manchester, Telecity Group plc is operating a carrier-neutral data centre in Europe to support digital economy. It is a combination of TeleCity Limited, Redbus Interhouse Limited and Globix Holdings (UK) Limited. As a leading provider of data centre services, Telecity Group plc is listed in London Stock Exchange.In the meanwhile, it is is a constituent of the FTSE 250, FTSE techMARK 100 and FTSE4 Good indices. Driven by the rapidly increasing of digital economy, Telecity Group has been targeting to build secure, resilient and highly-connected colocation environments for the IT and telecoms equipment, to which customers can outsource their telecoms, web and IT infrastructures. For this purpose, Telecity Goup has launched the demand-driven data expansion programme, which is expanding its data center capaci ty through Europe.This European-based programme is expected to increase customer power capacity, which will in turn bust company economic of scale. Furthermore, as an Information Technology Company, Telecity Group has been highly relying on high and new technology to attract new customers and increase profits. Thus, much effort has been put into company’s ability to innovate new products and services in terms of data accessibility, security and specialty. Focusing on evaluating the implementation of its growth strategy, this paper will analyse it is financial statement base on the basic financial ratios.Ratios Analysis Introduction This section will evaluate Telecity Group plc’s financial ratios in detail. Other than looking at the past and present performance trends of the Group, this essay will also discover the company’s financial performance in comparison to Datacenter industry overall. Consequently, company management team will be able to determine the shor t term forecast of future performance. Furthermore, the analysis in this section can give guidance to investors by providing data and giving realistic view of Telecity Group’s inancial position and comparison to the industry. Profitability Ratios Given the important role profit plays as financing both dividends to shareholders and retained earnings, it is the main measure of financial performance. Figure 1 Profitability Ratios (GPM- Gross profit margin, OPM- Operational profit margin) As can be seen from figure 2, the gross profit was dramatically increased from 52% to 56 % through year 2010, and there was impressively improvement for year 2011.This can be explained by company’s successfully implementation of its growth strategy. On one side, driven by the high demanding of digital economy, the company has been focusing on increasing earnings by expanding data centre capacity and adopting new technology. On the other hand, along with the growth there is high cost. Howe ver, the even higher revenue growth still made the growth of gross profit margin. Operation profit was slightly decrease in year 2011, which implies high administrative costs in 2011. This is mainly because of a total amount of ? ,510,000 provisions respect of certain leases and the acquisition with Data Electronics and UK Grid, the costs of which were accounted in operational exceptional items in consolidated income statement. Figure 2 Profitability Ratios (PreTPM- Pre-tax profit margin, PostTPM- Post-tax profit margin) The pre-tax profit margin has also significantly improved from near 23. 5 % to about 25 % in 2011. One of reasons of this improvement is the gains on foreign exchange. The most important reason should be the write off of costs incurred on refinancing, which was an ? 00m five-year financing agreement with Barclays, HSBC, Lloyds Banking Group and RBS from last year. Unlike PreTMP, post-tax profit margin has dropped impressively to about 17. 6 %. This may be mainly bec ause of the dramatically increment in both current tax and deferred tax. Figure 3 Profitability Ratios (ROCE- Returns on capital employed, ROE- Returns on equity) Figure 3 shows that The Telecity Group’s average ROE is comparable to industry ratio which is 7. 1% up to year 2010. However, in terms of growth, the trend is dramatically going down from 2009, which is despite the fact that both total equity and profit after tax have been improved.However, the growth of profit was not in pace with the equity. In fact, this makes sense when take into account the company’s expansion strategy, which has been being successfully implemented by setting up new data centres across Europe. A big money has been invested in this expansion program, which in turn provided the company high potential turn-over. In general, financial analysts consider return on equity ratios in the 15-20% range as representing attractive levels of investment quality. In this sense, the company’s perf ormance is healthy with regards to efficiency of profitability.ROCE is one of Telecity Group key performance indicator, which is added to evaluate company’s strategy of focusing earnings return from investment. ROCE was decreased during year 2011, which was due to the company’s capacity expansion programme and acquisitions’ effect. Even though, the company’s performance in terms of generating returns is healthy in comparison with industry average rate at about 8%. Liquidity Rations Liquidity ratios are to measure a company's ability to pay off its short-term financial obligations (Atrill and McLaney, 2011).Figure 4 Liquidity Ratios In theory, the higher current ratio is better as it clearly identifies the company’s ability to pay off short debts fund its on-going operations. (Investpedia, 2009) In the case of Telecity Group, its average current ratio shows that the current assets are not able to cover its current liabilities. This is mainly because the company has invested a big money into company’s capacity expansion program and acquisition, which are holding most of company’s capital. However, the average rate is comparable to the industry as a whole at 0. 8. Trade receivable days are healthy between 25 and 40 days over the year from 2009 to 2011, there is even a decrease from 40 days to 35 days in year 2011. This is due to the demanding digital economy market. Financial Gearing Financial gearing happens when business is financed in a way of borrowing (Atrill and McLaney, 2011). The analysis of gearing ratios is to evaluate the business’s level of gearing, which is the key factor of assessing risk. Figure 5 Gearing Rations (D/E- Debts to equity, ND/E- Net debt to equity)Figure 5 shows that gross debt to equity has increased from about 30% to over 60% in year 2011 after a slightly decreasing in year 2010, which indicates Telecity Group is highly geared in 2011. This is because the significantly increase of non-current borrowing for company’s capacity expansion program and the two acquisitions. Net debt to equity is concerned with company cash to repay the borrowings. It has impressively increased to more than 60% as well demonstrating that risk exists at Telecity Group’s failure. Figure 6 Gearing Ratios (IC- Interest covre, NIC- Net interest cover) Interest cover ratio measures the amount of operating profit available to cover interest payable(Atrill and McLaney, 2011)†. As can be seen from figure 6, gross interest cover has fallen from 11 % to 10. 4 % in 2011. In terms of net interest cover which takes into account finance income, the cover ratios were slightly increased. Overall, the figures are showing that Telecity Group has the strong ability to service its debt. Cash flow analysis CFPS is concerned with the company ability of generating cash. Therefore, it is commonly referred by analysts for more accurate measure of a company's financial situation.Figure 7 Cash flow ratios (EPS- Earnings per share) The CFPS has increased from 37 pence in 2009 to 60 pence in 2011. The EPS is averagely higher then CFPS as we would commonly expected. Both EPS and CFPS have increased over the two years. The main reasons for the increase and the difference between CFPS and EP as follows: 1. Movement in foreigner exchange 2. Movement in trade receivables and trade payables 3. Depreciation charge 4. Cost of exceptional items To sum up, the net cash flow from operating activities has significantly improved by 25 % to over ? 120million. Over ? 00 million was spent on investment activities, which include capacity expansion program and acquisition activities. Investment analysis â€Å"Investment ratios are designed to help shareholder to assess the returns on their investment† (Atrill and McLaney, 2011). Earnings per share have risen from 19p to 21p in 2011, which is basically because of the increasing profit margin over the year. Conclusion As can be s een from above, the Telecity Group plc has gone through a stable healthy financial year with regards the implementation of its growth strategy. Telecity Group’s profitability stayed stable and healthy in the near two years.The low profit increment was due to the company’s expansion and acquisition strategy. Given the fact that data centre services is demanding in digital economy, Teleicty Group’s successfully expansion and acquisition will in turn make big returns. Liquidity is poor in terms of ability to cover its current liabilities. However, given the industry ratio being 0. 58, it is comparable healthy in the market. Furthermore, the short trade receivable days imply the high market demands in the data centre industry. Company’s gearing has risen to extremely high level due to its growth strategy.From investor’s perspective, there would be risk of investing in the case of company’s failure. However, take into the consideration of the cha racters of data centre industry, which are demanding the high capacity, connectivity and flexible services, Telecity group are in no way to failure as it has achieved successful implementation of its business across Europe and gained the potential of attracting new contract with exiting as well as new customers. Overall, the Telecity has been seeking the best practise within the data centre industry as a leading provider of premium carrier-neutral data centres.As the result of its successful capacity expansion and acquisitions, the further high turnover is inevitably. Appendix 1 Profitability| Gross Profit Margin| =| Gross Profit/Revenue%| ? | ? | 2009| =| 88,727| /| 169,383| %| =| 52. 4%| 2010| =| 109,773| /| 196,397| %| =| 55. 9%| 2011| =| 134,701| /| 239,818| %| =| 56. 2%| ?| Operating Profit Margin| =| Operating profit/Revenue%| | ? | 2009| ? | 39,102| /| 169,383| %| =| 23. 1%| 2010| =| 55,173| /| 196,397| %| =| 28. 1%| 2011| =| 65,359| /| 239,818| %| =| 27. 3%| ?| Pre-tax profi t Margin| =| Profit before tax/Revenue%| ? | ? | 2009| =| 38120| /| 169,383| %| =| 22. %| 2010| =| 45,941| /| 196,397| %| =| 23. 4%| 2011| =| 59,438| /| 239,818| %| =| 24. 8%| ?| ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Post-tax profit Margin| =| Profit after tax/Revenue%? | ? | 2009| =| 34722| /| 169,383| %| =| 20. 5%| 2010| =| 38,031| /| 196,397| %| =| 19. 4%| 2011| =| 42,641| /| 239,818| %| =| 17. 8%| | Return on Capital Employed| =| Operating Profit/Total Capital employed| ? | ? | 2009| =| 39,102| /| (80,467+218,931)| %| =| 13. 1%| 2010| =| 55,173| /| (80654+257,545)| %| =| 16. 3%| 2011| =| 65,359| /| (183,451+298,027)| %| =| 13. 6%| | Return on Equity| =| Profit after Tax| /| Equity| %| ? ? | 2009| =| 34722| /| 218,931| %| =| 15. 9%| 2010| =| 38,031| /| 257,545| %| =| 14. 8%| 2011| =| 42,641| /| 298,027| %| =| 14. 3%| Liquidity| Current Ratio| =| current Assets/Current Liabilities | 2009| =| 51,623| /| 82,961| =| 0. 6 | ? | ? | 2010| =| 46,501| /| 82,474| =| 0. 6 | ? | ? | 2011| =| 48,398| /| 103,283| =| 0. 5 | ? | ? | ?| Trade payable days| =| Trade payables/Cost of Revenue*365| 2009| =| 47,089| /| 80,656| *| 365| =| 213days| 2010| =| 47,085| /| 86,624| *| 365| =| 198days | 2011| =| 57,935| /| 105,117| *| 365| =| 201days | ?| Trade receivable days| =| Trade receivable /Revenue? | 009| =| (19,483-6,975)| /| 169,383| *| 365| =| 27days| 2010| =| (22,139-746)| /| 196,397| *| 365| =| 40days| 2011| =| (26,365-3,560)| /| 239,818| *| 365| =| 35days| Gearing| Debt to equity| =| Non-current borrowings/Equity%| 2009| =| 80,467| /| 218,931| %| =| 36. 8%| 2010| =| 80,654| /| 257,545| %| =| 31. 3%| 2011| =| 183,451| /| 298,027| %| =| 61. 6%| ?| Net debt to equity| =| Borrowings less cash/Total Equity%? | 2009| =| (80,467-32,140)| /| 218,931| %| =| 22. 1%| 2010| =| (80,654-24,362)| /| 257,545| %| =| 21. 9%| 2011| =| (183,451-22,033)| /| 298,027| %| =| 54. 2%| | Interest Cover| =| Operating profit/Interest expense ? 2009| =| 39,102| /| 3788| =| 10. 3| ? | 2010| =| 55,173| /| 5,017| =| 11| ? | 2011| =| 65,359| /| 6,300| =| 10. 4| ? | ?| ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Net Interest cover| =| Operating profit/Net Interest expense| *Net interest expense=Finance expense-interest? | 2009| =| 39,102| /| (3788-117)| =| 10. 7| ? | 2010| =| 55,173| /| (5017-11)| =| 11. 0 | ? | 2011| ? | 65,359| /| (6300-103)| =| 10. 5 | ? | Cash Flow| Cash flow per share| =| Net cash flow from operating activities/Number of equity share issued| 2009| =| 74,017| /| 198,092| =| 0. 37365| =| 37. 4p| 2010| =| 96,380| /| 198,092| =| 0. 86542| =| 48. 7p| 2011| =| 120,554| /| 198,892| =| 0. 606128| =| 60. 6p| Investment| Earnings Per Share| ? | ? | 2010| =| 19. 0p| 2011| =| 21. 1p| References Atrill, P. and McLaney,P. (2011) Accounting and Finance for Non-Specialists. 7th. ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Telecity Group plc Annual report and accounts 2011 Data centres at the heart of the digital economy, 2011 TelecityGroup. Telecity Group plc Annual report and accounts 2010 Data centres at t he heart of the digital economy, 2010 TelecityGroup. http://www. investopedia. com/terms/c/currentratio. asp, Investopedia.

Department of Care and Professional Studies Edexcel Level 3 for Children and Young People’s Workforce Unit 13 Promoting Children’s Learning and Development in the Early Years Assignment Task 1 Direct Observation

Department of Care and Professional Studies Edexcel Level 3 for Children and Young People’s Workforce Unit 13 Promoting Children’s Learning and Development in the Early Years Assignment Task 1 Direct Observation and Professional discussion Assessment Criteria (Unit 13) 1. 3explain how the documented outcomes are assessed and recorded 2. 2engage effectively with children to encourage the child’s participation and involvement in planning their own learning and development activities. 3. 2prepare, set out and support activities and experiences that encourages learning and development in each area of the relevant early years framework 4. work alongside children, engaging with them in order to support their learning and development 4. 3 use language that is accurate and appropriate in order to support and extend children’s learning when undertaking activities While on work experience you will be visited by your tutor/teacher who will observe your practice to de termine your competency. Your tutor will observe you and record your performance and where it meets the criteria listed above it will be recorded on the ‘Direct Observation’ pages in your Professional Practice Log. All observed criteria will be credited to you. In some cases where a criteria has not been full demonstrated through observation, the visiting teacher will ask you an oral question or hold a professional discussion with you to enable you to fully meet that criteria. This discussion will also be recorded in your Professional Practice Log but on the ‘Professional Discussion’ page and where competency is confirmed you will credited with the criteria, Task 2 – Underpinning Knowledge Evidence Assessment criteria (Unit 13) 1. explain each area of the areas of learning and development and how these are interdependent Assessment criteria (Unit 12) 1. 1explain the legal status and principles of the relevant early years framework/s, and how national and local guidance materials are used in settings Scenario You have been asked to prepare an information pack for the new students who will be starting your setting next term. You should provide guidance which explains the follo wing : a)The purpose and legal status of the early years frameworks and how it relates to achievement of the Every Child Matters Outcomes (Unit 12 – criteria 1. ) (Unit 13 – criteria 1. 2) b) Provide explanations of each area of learning and development identifying their interdependency. Internally verified _______________________________ Date ______________ Task 3 Promoting Children’s Learning and Development This task links to your practical placement. The play and learning activities that you carry out while in each of your placements will be used to meet the assessment criteria for this task Assessment criteria (Unit 13) 2. use different sources to plan work for individual child or group of children 2. 2support the planning cycle for children’s learning and development 3. 1explain how practitioners promote children’s learning within the relevant early years framework. 4. 2explain the importance of engaging with a child to support sustained shar ed thinking 5. 1 reflect on your own practice in supporting learning and development of children in their early years. 5. 2 demonstrate how to use reflection to make changes in own practice In each of your three placements, following consultation with your supervisor, you will plan, provide and evaluate five learning activities/experiences that promote children’s learning and development. For each activity you must show the flowing:- ?your planning (criteria 2. 1;) ?evaluation of the child/children’s learning outcome with recommendations for extending the child/children’s learning (criteria 3. 1; 4. 2. ) ? evaluation of your plan with recommendations for improvement and changes to your own practice (criteria 2. 2; 5. 1; 5. 2)

Latin American Religions Essay

What are some major attributes of Latin American Catholicism? Identify and describe at least two distinctions and include how they are distinct from Catholicism elsewhere. The Central American War had changed the priorities of the Catholic Church in Latin America. In the 1980’s, the clergy’s had decided to go against the Catholic Church mainly the Vatican despite the various threats, and began to help the poor which were struggling for their equality and their rights. The Catholic activism was in support of the change; however, it did influence guerilla movements in certain parts of Latin America such as Nicaragua, Salvador, Guatemala. This had introduced moral and spiritual justification. â€Å"Throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, a wing of the church surfaced as a powerful ideological force in the struggle to end authoritarian regimes,† (Meade, T., 2010). In what ways have African religions influenced Latin American Catholicism? â€Å"Latinos are comprised of a great conglomeration of ethnicities, traditions, and customs, which are traditionally, expressed by a common language (Spanish) and religion (Catholocism). For instance, Latin American values and traditions received a great influence from Catholicism and indigenous beliefs. Similarly, African traditions also permeated the Latin American culture, especially in the Caribbean region. This unique syncretism between Catholicism, and indigenous and African traditions allowed the survival of folk traditions, which led to the creation of several healing approaches,† (www.egochicagoschools.com, 2012). Should Latin American Catholicism be considered polytheistic? Why or why not? There are various polytheistic religions that are practiced today. Many of the religions today outside of Catholicism believe in more than one God. However, the Catholics believe in one God and one God only. I do think the Catholicism needs to be consistent meaning the Catholicism that is being practices within Latin American needs to be the same everywhere else. Once others start to deviate from Catholicism then it begins to start a new religion and moves away from the beliefs of the Catholicism. Only the Vatican may assess and make changes within the Catholic Religions. How have churches fostered or hindered social changes in Latin America? After the civil war, Latin Americans had turned to other religions. For over 500 years, many Latin Americans were considered loyal to the Catholic religions. However, it quickly turned to be a stronghold to Protestants. In the Liberation area other religions had developed such as Evangelical and Pentecostal. These religions are very different from the Catholicism. These religions speak in tongue, rely on baptism, accept the Holy Spirit, and emotional rituals. With these new religions developing the social changes in Latin America does provide a much broader outlook on their beliefs. There are various groups or community gatherings within the particular religion. Each religion unites and brings together their faith and social aspects within their own community. How has Protestantism spread in Latin America in the past? Is it different than the factors that are promoting the current growth in Protestantism in this region? How and why? The Protestantism had spread in Latin America in the past due to the fact of various discrepancies within the Catholic Religion. For instance, in 1980’s, the Guatemalan’s had begun to change their beliefs and lean more to the Protestants. This was proven in 2005, when a massive amount of members of the Catholic Church had begun to leave the church as rapid growth. The new leading religion was the Pentecostal church. Many of the new religions were still created by using the Catholic religion as their foundation. Reference: A History of Modern Latin America. 1800 to the Present, Meade, T., 2010 http://ego.thechicagoschool.edu/s/843/index.aspx?sid=843&gid=3&pgid=760