Pricing Practices in the Denver, Colorado, Newspaper Market Essay Example

Pricing Practices in the Denver, Colorado, Newspaper Market Paper Beginning with the basics, economics is based on scarcity. Price has no connection to morality or â€Å"objective value†. Since everything has a cost, price is therefore a signal of how scarce a good is. The price also tells us how much the good is worth to the marginal consumer. Knowing that firms are greedy and want to maximize profits, the joint operating agreement between the Post and News will lead to one independent newspaper in Denver. If there is only one newspaper, then they are solely responsible for the advertising, circulation, and production. With the merger between two companies, there is obviously no reason to have two editors, two directors of each department, etc. Even the amount of people delivering newspapers will be cut in half. Therefore, jobs are going to be lost with the merge. With only one company, the Denver Newspaper Agency can charge any rate they want for circulation prices and they can increase advertising costs because they are the only newspaper to advertise in. At first, if all the consumers continue to buy newspapers, there will most likely be a shortage in supply. If P1 P*, then QD1 QS1. We will write a custom essay sample on Pricing Practices in the Denver, Colorado, Newspaper Market specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pricing Practices in the Denver, Colorado, Newspaper Market specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pricing Practices in the Denver, Colorado, Newspaper Market specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Therefore, a shortage exists and some consumers have incentive to bid up the price. As price increases, quantity supply increases, and quantity demand decreases. This will continue until equilibrium (P*) is met and the shortage will disappear. At equilibrium QD=QS=Q*, therefore no one has incentive to change behavior. Price remains constant. Figure 1 (attached) shows a graphical explanation. If consumers in Denver decide that the Denver Newspaper Agency is charging too much for a newspaper, then consumers will stop buying the product. If P2 P*, and QS1 QD1, a surplus exists. Firms can’t sell all goods, therefore price decreases, quantity demand increases, and quantity supply decreases. This continues until equilibrium is met again at P*. This relationship is shown in Figure 2. The relationship also explains if The Denver Newspaper Agency tries to charge high prices for advertising. Consumers will stop buying advertisements causing a decrease in quantity demand. Figure 3 shows the demand curve shift right as there would be an increase in consumers for the Denver Newspaper Agency since it would be the only supplier. The graph shows the initial equilibrium where QD1=QS1=Q1. The increase in consumers causes the shift in demand from D1 to D2. At initial price (P1), with new demand curve (D2), QD2 QS2, therefore there is a shortage. Consumers compete for scarce goods and bid up price, so price increases, quantity supply increases, and quantity demand decreases; therefore shortage disappears. This will continue until P* (Pt. B. ) where QS3=QD3=Q3. 2. Price discrimination occurs when the same product is sold at more than one price. In general, managers try to identify submarkets on the basis of an individual’s price elasticity of demand. There are three types of price discrimination: first, second, and third degree. The case of selling classified advertising that varies in price according to the value of the item advertised is an example of the most common form of price discrimination: third-degree price discrimination. This type of discrimination is most popular because although managers would prefer to identify the preferences of individuals, it is too expensive. Instead, they chose the next best alternative. This alternative is to identify individuals with similar traits and group them together. Buyers of the product must fall into specific groups with considerable differences in price elasticity of demand for the product. For example, a newspaper knows that an average person is willing to pay more to advertise a car than to advertise a bicycle. One reason to consider is the â€Å"return on investment†. I, personally, would be willing to pay more to advertise my car knowing that I would be making thousands of dollars off the sale. With a bike, it may not be worth it if the return is only a few hundred dollars. Like I mentioned in the previous answer, price has no relation to morality or objective value. Taking an ad out in a newspaper for a funeral is very expensive. However, the newspaper knows that consumers are willing to pay the price because it is one of the easiest ways to get the information out to friends and family in the community. Another reason may be that funeral homes usually take care of all the arrangements, so consumers don’t know how much the newspaper advertisement really cost until they see the bill of the entire funeral broken down. Simply put, the person advertising a funeral has a much less elastic demand than the person advertising a bicycle. The person selling the bicycle has more substitutes. Figure 4 (attached) illustrates third degree price discrimination. 3. Managers practice price discrimination either when they sell physically identical products at different prices or when similar products are sold at prices with different ratios to marginal cost. The strategy works best in markets with various classes of buyers who are differentiated in price elasticities of demand. In order for price discrimination to exist, there has to be two or more distinct groups, the groups must be identifiable, there must be market power, and the good has to be difficult to resell. In the case of airline fares, there are different types of travelers, identifiable groups (business and leisure), and the airline ticket cannot be resold. Once the flight has happened, the experience cannot be shared and the ticket cannot be used again. With local newspapers, there are different types of customers that have different reasons for advertising different items. Once the paper is printed and issued, the advertisement cannot be used again. It cannot be resold. I would argue that the example of airline fares is a better example of price discrimination. It is easier to identify different groups of people traveling than it is to identify different reasons as for why people want an advertisement. The experience of a flight on an airplane cannot be resold. Although an advertisement is only good for the one issue of a newspaper printed, it can still be seen by multiple people in a household or workspace. An airline ticket can only be used by one person. It is also easier to identify passengers as business or leisure. In the case of newspaper advertisements, it is harder to identify groups of people.

IST654Project Final 1 Essay

IST654Project Final 1 Essay IST654Project Final 1 Essay IST 654 Project Analysis of Information System for Papa John’s Team G-3 Prepared By Na Xue, Pooja Ramalingam, Medha Kalelkar, Xiaofu Liu Table of Contents I. Project Proposal 2 1.1. Business Nature 2 1.2. Client’s Perceived Needs 2 II. System Requirement Specification 3 2.1Business Overview 3 2.1.1 Business Background 3 2.1.2 Current Problems and Motivation for Analysis 4 2.2Information System Scope 5 2.3 Primary Objectives of the information system 5 2.4 Conclusion 5 III. Analysis of Results 6 3.1ER&EER 6 3.2DFD 7 3.3OOA 9 IV. Conclusion 11 4.1What we have done 11 4.2What we have achieved 12 V. Reflection 13 5.1Problem and difficulties 13 5.2Experience and Lessons Learnt 14 5.3Summary 15 VI. Attachment 17 6.1Forms 18 6.2 Reports 29 6.3 Interaction Worksheets 30 6.4 First Screen showing functions of the system 30 6.5 Minutes of Meeting 31 6.6 Note from the Client 32 1. Project Proposal 1.1 Business Nature Papa John’s, retail pizza restaurant was started in 1984 and it aims at delivering pizzas to customers all around the globe. Papa John’s offers a wide range of pizzas and customers can also customize the pizza as per their liking. The customers can place order by calling up the store or by visiting the Papa John’s official website or its third party vendor websites namely www.eatstreet.com and www.grubhub.com. It takes individual as well as bulk orders. Apart from pizzas, Papa John’s also sells beverages, garlic bread and cookies. The mission of Papa John’s is to consistently please its loyal customers and to attract new customers by providing high quality food and quick delivery service. Website:papajohns.com/index.html Contact: Mike Redmonal (Cell Phone No: 315 474-7272, Email Id: mredmond1103@gmail.com) 1.2 Client’s Perceived Needs Our client spoke highly of the POS system, which could be operated easily and meet almost all of their requirements. However, the client mentioned that he would like to include some additional features in the system. Therefore, the client expects our group can perform a detailed analysis of the current system. The analysis report should contain the business analysis (the business rules, business system interfaces and business function), requirement analysis (system I/O description, user requirement definition, functional and security requirement), data analysis (data collection process, data validation, data storage, manipulation and retrieval) and process analysis (data flow analysis, process decomposition and system interfaces). Besides the client encouraged us to find overheads in the existing system and try to improve its functionality. Therefore, our project is to help Papa John’s identify and analyze its business process for system implementation using three analysis methods including Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) and Unified Modeling Language (UML). 2. System Requirement Specification 2.1 Business Overview 2.1.1 Business Background Papa John's International, Inc was founded in 1984. It operates and franchises pizza delivery and carryout restaurants and, in certain international markets, dine-in and delivery restaurants. It is considered as the fourth largest take-out and delivery pizza restaurant chain in the United States. As of December 29, 2013, the company operated 4,428 Papa John's restaurants, consisting of 723 company-owned and 3,705 franchised restaurants operating domestically in all 50 states and in 34 countries. The company operates through five segments: domestic company-owned restaurant, domestic commissaries (quality control centers), North America franchising, international operations, and all other. The all other segment consists of printing and promotional items, risk management services, and information systems and related services used in restaurant operations, including the online and other technology-driven ordering platforms. 2.1.2 Current Problems and Motivation for Analysis The project group

Boxer Rebellion Timeline in China

Boxer Rebellion Timeline in China At the turn of the 20th century, intense social pressure due to increasing foreign influence in Qing China led to an upsurge of participation in the Righteous Harmony Society Movement (Yihetuan), called the Boxers by foreign observers. From their base in drought-ravaged northern China, the Boxers spread across the country, attacking foreign missionaries, diplomats, and traders, as well as Chinese Christian converts. By the time it ended, the Boxer Rebellion had claimed almost 50,000 lives. Background to the Boxer Rebellion 1807: First Protestant Christian missionary arrives in China from the London Missionary Society.1835-36: Daoguang Emperor expels missionaries for distributing Christian books.1839-42: First Opium War, Britain imposes an unequal treaty on China and takes Hong Kong.1842: Treaty of Nanjing provides extraterritorial rights to all foreigners in China - they are no longer subject to Chinese law.The 1840s: Western Christian missionaries flood into China.1850-64: Christian convert Hong Xiuquan leads to bloody Taiping Rebellion against the Qing Dynasty.1856-60: Second Opium War; Britain and France defeat China and impose harsh Treaties of Tientsin.1894-95: First Sino-Japanese War, former tributary Japan defeats China and takes Korea.Nov. 1, 1897: Juye Incident, armed men kill two Germans at missionary home in Shandong Province, northern China.Nov. 14, 1897: German Kaiser Wilhelm II sends a fleet to Shandong, urges them to take no prisoners like Attila and the Huns.1897-98: Drought followed by flooding strikes Shandong, causing widespread misery. The Boxers Rebel 1898: Young men in Shandong form Righteous Fist groups, practicing martial arts and traditional spiritualism.June 11-Sept. 21, 1898: Hundred Days Reform, Emperor Guangxu tries to quickly modernize China.Sept. 21, 1898: On the verge of handing over sovereignty to Japan, Guangxu is stopped and goes into internal exile. Empress Dowager Cixi rules in his name.Oct. 1898: Boxers attack Liyuantun villages Catholic church, converted from a temple to the Jade Emperor.Jan. 1900: Empress Dowager Cixi rescinds condemnation of Boxers, issues letter of support.Jan-May, 1900: Boxers storm through the countryside, burning churches, killing missionaries and converts.May 30, 1900: British Minister Claude MacDonald requests defense force for Beijing foreign legations; Chinese allow 400 troops from eight nations into capital. The Rebellion Reaches Beijing Jun 5, 1900: Boxers cut railroad line at Tianjin, isolating Beijing.June 13, 1900: First Boxer appears in Beijings Legation (diplomatic) Quarter.June 13, 1900: Pro-Boxer General Dong Fuxians troops kill Japanese diplomat Sugiyama Akira.June 14, 1900: German Minister Clemens von Ketteler arrests and summarily executes a young boy he suspects of being a Boxer.June 14, 1900: Thousands of angry Boxers storm Beijing and burn Christian churches in response to boys murder.June 16, 1900: Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu hold council meeting, decide to fully support Boxers.June 19, 1900: Qing government sends messengers to offer foreign legation members safe passage out of Beijing; instead, the foreigners shoot the messengers dead.June 20, 1900: Manchu Bannerman Captain En Hai kills Minister von Ketteler in a melee to avenge the murdered Boxer boy. Siege of the Legations June 20-Aug. 14, 1900: Boxers and Chinese Imperial Army besiege legations sheltering 473 foreign civilians, 400 foreign soldiers, and approximately 3,000 Chinese Christians.June 21, 1900: Empress Dowager Cixi declares war against the foreign powers.June 22-23, 1900: Chinese set fire to parts of Legation district; priceless Hanlin Academy library burns.June 30, 1900: Chinese force Germans from a position atop Tartar Wall overlooking legations, but Americans hold the position.July 3, 1900: 56 US, British and Russian soldiers on Tartar Wall launch a 2 am a surprise attack, kill 20 Chinese soldiers, and drive survivors from the wall.July 9, 1900: Outside of Beijing; Shanxi Province governor executes 44 missionary families (men, women, and children) after offering them asylum at Taiyuan. Victims of Taiyuan Massacre become martyrs in eyes of Chinese Christians.July 13-14, 1900: Also 120 km (75 miles) outside Beijing, Battle of Tientsin (Tianjin); Eight-Nations relief force besieges Boxer-h eld city, 550 Boxers and 250 foreigners killed. Foreign troops (especially Germans and Russians) rampage through city afterward, looting, raping and killing civilians, while Japanese and Americans try to restrain them. July 13, 1900: In Beijing, Chinese set off a mine under French Legation, force French and Austrians to shelter in British compound.July 13, 1900: Advancing Chinese drive Japanese and Italian troops to precarious last defense line at Prince Sus palace.July 16, 1900: Australian journalist George Morrison injured and British Captain Strouts killed by Chinese snipers.July 16, 1900: London Daily Mail publishes a  report that all legation besieged had been massacred, including mercy killing of women and children, Russians boiled to death in oil, etc. The story was false, fabricated by a reporter in Shanghai.July 17, 1900: Eight-Nations relief force lands on the coast, begins the march to BeijingJuly 17, 1900: Qing government declares a cease-fire on legations.August 13, 1900: Chinese end cease-fire, bombard legations as foreign rescue force approaches capital.August 14, 1900: Relief force lifts the siege on legations, forgets to relieve besieged Catholic North Cathedral until August 16.A ugust 15, 1900: Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu escape Forbidden City dressed as peasants, go on inspection tour to ​the  ancient capital of Xian (formerly Changan) in Shaanxi Province. Aftermath Sept. 7, 1900: Qing officials sign Boxer Protocol, agree to pay huge war reparations over 40 years.Sept. 21, 1900: Russian troops seize Jilin and occupy Manchuria, moves that will spark 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War​.Jan. 1902: Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu return to Beijing from Xian and resume control of the government​.1905: Empress Dowager Cixi abolishes imperial examination system for training bureaucrats in favor of western-style university system, part of an attempt at sweeping modernization​.Nov. 14-15, 1908: Emperor Guangxu dies of arsenic poisoning, followed the next day by Empress Dowager Cixi​.Feb. 12, 1912: Qing Dynasty falls to Sun Yat-sen; formal abdication by Last Emperor Puyi.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Essay Example In addition to that, the fair – trade movement promotes securing the rights of the marginalised sectors from the developing nations (EFTA, 2006). Indeed, the fair – trade movement has been one of the most constant and most unwavering criticisms of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) policies of deregulating barriers to trade. It is the case that the effectiveness of both the World Bank and the IMF are criticised because of its failure to further stand for the concerns of the developing world, including the interests for greater equity in trade (Share the World’s Resources (STWR), no date). Nonetheless, both these Bretton Woods Institutions together with the fair – trade movement are supposedly means to reduce the poverty occurring globally. With the contextualisation of the background of this research investigation, basically, the paradoxical function of fair – trade movement is observed. ... On the one hand, another vantage point proposes that this fair – trade does constitute a real alternative to the â€Å"Washington Consensus†. Given this contradicting points of view, this paper considers the need to critically review, analyse, understand and explain what really the role of the fair – trade it serves. Meanwhile, this paper mainly delves at discussing the function of the fair – trade movement in relation to World Bank and IMF. In order to further understand the focus of this paper, it intends to specifically obtain the following information. First, it points out to establishing what the functions of the World Bank and IMF are. Second, it seeks to grasp an understanding of the Washington Consensus. Third, it wants to analytically determine how the fair – trade movement is currently doing between the developed and developing nations. Through rooting out and analysing such data, it can finally discuss whether fair – trade is an ex tension of World Bank and IMF’s policies or if it constitutes a real alternative to the Washington Consensus. It is the case that there have been so many attempts in stating and assessing the functions and aims of fair – trade, World Bank, IMF and Washington Consensus in the context of development. It is in this regard why this paper is of significance. This paper is of importance because development is so much a relevant concept not only in the field of sociology but really in every part of the world especially that of the developing ones. By means of development, fair – trade, World Bank, IMF and Washington Consensus are really opportunities to achieve development especially among the disadvantaged nations. Review of Related Literatures This section of the paper will first present a

Property and its Economic Explanation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Property and its Economic Explanation - Essay Example In the exercise of property rights, potential conflicts can be prevented as in striking a bargain (Muthoo 2000). Indeed, the common law is efficient, but the law generated by the institutions of private property can also be efficient, however with limitations (Friedman 1996). Creating a system of clear, workable property rights facilitates voluntary exchange and ensures that property rights will end up in the hands of those who value them most (Ayres and Talley 1995) Property is a "bundle of rights." The owner is free to exercise the rights over his or her property. Others, meaning private persons and the government, are forbidden to interfere with the owner's exercise of his or her rights. Traditionally, that bundle of rights includes: 1) control use of the property, 2) benefit from the property, for example rights and rent, 3) transfer or sell the property, and 4) exclude others from the property (Krauss 1999). The two major justifications of original property, or homesteading, are said to be effort and scarcity. John Locke emphasized effort, or "mixing your labour" with an object, while Benjamin Tucker preferred to look at the purpose of property in answer to solving the scarcity problem. Only when something is relatively scarce do they become property, he said. Economically scarce means necessarily having exclusivity property or that use by one person excludes others from using it (Ibid). III. Bargaining Theory Bargaining theory in property has to do with bargaining principles and their application to a significantly large variety of real-life situations, leading to efficiency and equitable distribution of gains (Muthoo 1999). In the former, the players may fail to reach an agreement, or they may do so but only after some costly delay. In the latter, gains from cooperation are divided between the players. A player's cost from bargaining is said to be derived from the time-consuming nature of bargaining and the importance of time to the player (Ibid). Some of the fundamental principles expounded in bargaining theory are the following (Muthoo 2000): Patience during the process of negotiations confers bargaining power, while risk aversion affects it adversely. Meanwhile, a player's outside option enhances her bargaining power if and only if it is attractive and therefore credible. Hence, bargaining power is higher the larger her inside option, provided that all negotiators' outside options are not attractive enough. If both negotiators' outside options are sufficiently attractive, then it is likely that gains from cooperation may not exist (Ibid). Further, when both the costs of negotiators' backing down from their initial demands are sufficiently large, then the negotiations may lead into a stalemate. A player's bargaining power is higher the larger her cost of backing down from her initial demand. In the absence of knowledge of relevant information on the ongoing negotiations which the other party does, there is risk of failure of negotiations or of costly delay until that uninformed party is communicated of the relevant information. Knowledge is veritable power in negotiations and enhances the bargaining strength of the better informed (Muthoo 1999). In bargaining, procedure and format of negotiations matter,

President of India and Equal Rights Essay Example for Free

President of India and Equal Rights Essay First of all youth need to have strong character which need to be based on a catch word watch, standing for people who watch their Words (W), Actions (A), Thoughts (T), First of all the youth should fight for equal rights for all the citizens. Even now, there are lots of people who do not get equal rights. India should have youth politicians and they should live in clean democracy and let others also to live in corruption free India as India is now full of corruption. We see lots of news related to corruption each day. In the present day the burning topic is Black Money, but is the answer in getting the money back or is it important to eradicate the root cause from where this comes? In this fashion the problems need to be addressed. The youth should not get swayed away by lucrative political slogans, this is what the meaning of watch   is all about. There is great responsibility on the shoulders of youth in abolishing corruption. They should also empower the masses to fight for their rights. Nowadays the youth brains of India are working as brains for other countries looking for great salaries . The youth should work for the development of their own country. So looking for jobs within the country is a great thing for realizing the dreams of Dr. Kalam. The youth should involve in the social issues like those. So the youth should take part in promoting national integration. As I said before, all should have equal rights and responsibilities as a citizen of india. So the youth should take part in empowering women to participate equally in all fields for the development of our country..

Geography and Biodiversity of Acre in Brazil :: Geology

Acre is the Westernmost Brazilian state, and neighbor to Amazonas and Rondà ´nia, spanning about 55,000 square miles. Its capital Rio Branco is home to the 288, 907 of the total 438,489 denizens (1996). The whole of Acre is contained within the Amazon Basin and 93% of it is tropical rain forest. Notwithstanding the great extent of deforestation, the biodiversity of Acre and the surrounding Amazon Basin remains extensive; there are the mammoth trees, countless species of palm trees, vines, bushes, ferns; there are copaà ­ba, Brazil-nuts, various fruits such as cupuaà §u and graviola; species of insects, fish, the parrots, araras and other birds, so rare that scientists have yet to describe them; there are cicadas, caimans, the rays, the land-and sweet-water turtles, tapirs, the monkeys, and jaguars. First Rubber Tappers The first upsurge of immigration to the Brazilian Amazon resulted from the European and North American industries' need for rubber at the end of the 19th century. "Seringalistas " as the owners of the new rubber companies, would acquire huge areas of the Brazilian rain forest in order to extract the raw material for the rubber (the latex from the rubber trees). This "rubber boom," which brought wealth to the cities of Belem and Manaus, was eliminated with the British rubber production in Malaysia. Therefore, many of the Seringalistas went bankrupt and returned to the northeast. Once again this condition was reversed during the Second World War, when the Japanese, who were allied with the Germans, usurped the Malaysian plantations. In order to conduct war one must have a supply of rubber, so rubber was once again in high demand in order to supply the allies against the Germans with rubber. People from northeast Brazil returned to extract rubber, which caused the second wave of immigration from the northeast. This time the flood of people was termed the "rubber soldiers" because they had the choice either to go to war against the Germans or become rubber tappers (people who extract latex sap trees and later dry the sap to create rubber). Development of the Amazon Brazil had an uncharted frontier to conquer, but the Amazon was in the way. So the Brazilian government resolved to encourage the clearing of forests and the conversion of previous forestland to pastures via tax benefits and direct subsidies. "With government subsidy in one hand and a chain saw in the other, ranchers and colonists advanced over the rain forest at a frightening pace," felling and burning 23,000 square kilometers (8,880 sq. Geography and Biodiversity of Acre in Brazil :: Geology Acre is the Westernmost Brazilian state, and neighbor to Amazonas and Rondà ´nia, spanning about 55,000 square miles. Its capital Rio Branco is home to the 288, 907 of the total 438,489 denizens (1996). The whole of Acre is contained within the Amazon Basin and 93% of it is tropical rain forest. Notwithstanding the great extent of deforestation, the biodiversity of Acre and the surrounding Amazon Basin remains extensive; there are the mammoth trees, countless species of palm trees, vines, bushes, ferns; there are copaà ­ba, Brazil-nuts, various fruits such as cupuaà §u and graviola; species of insects, fish, the parrots, araras and other birds, so rare that scientists have yet to describe them; there are cicadas, caimans, the rays, the land-and sweet-water turtles, tapirs, the monkeys, and jaguars. First Rubber Tappers The first upsurge of immigration to the Brazilian Amazon resulted from the European and North American industries' need for rubber at the end of the 19th century. "Seringalistas " as the owners of the new rubber companies, would acquire huge areas of the Brazilian rain forest in order to extract the raw material for the rubber (the latex from the rubber trees). This "rubber boom," which brought wealth to the cities of Belem and Manaus, was eliminated with the British rubber production in Malaysia. Therefore, many of the Seringalistas went bankrupt and returned to the northeast. Once again this condition was reversed during the Second World War, when the Japanese, who were allied with the Germans, usurped the Malaysian plantations. In order to conduct war one must have a supply of rubber, so rubber was once again in high demand in order to supply the allies against the Germans with rubber. People from northeast Brazil returned to extract rubber, which caused the second wave of immigration from the northeast. This time the flood of people was termed the "rubber soldiers" because they had the choice either to go to war against the Germans or become rubber tappers (people who extract latex sap trees and later dry the sap to create rubber). Development of the Amazon Brazil had an uncharted frontier to conquer, but the Amazon was in the way. So the Brazilian government resolved to encourage the clearing of forests and the conversion of previous forestland to pastures via tax benefits and direct subsidies. "With government subsidy in one hand and a chain saw in the other, ranchers and colonists advanced over the rain forest at a frightening pace," felling and burning 23,000 square kilometers (8,880 sq.

Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms While Countering Terrorism Essay

1. Reaffirms that States must ensure any measure taken to combat terrorism, complies with their obligations under international law, in particular international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law not limited to, A. Torture, punishment and any other methods in which the condition of prisoners is worsened, B. Abuse of women and the use of child soldiers in order to create more man power; 2. Expresses serious concern at the occurrence of violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as of international refugee and humanitarian law, committed in the context of countering terrorism. 3. Also reaffirms the obligation of States, in accordance with article 4 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to C. Respect certain rights as non-derogatory in any circumstances, recalls, in regard to all other Covenant rights, D. That any measures derogating from the provisions of the Covenant must be in accordance with that article in all cases, E. Underlines the exceptional and temporary nature of any such derogations, and in this regard calls upon States to raise awareness about the importance of these obligations among national authorities involved in combating terrorism; 4. Urges States, while countering terrorism: F. To fully comply with their obligations under international law, i. In particular international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law, ii. With regard to the absolute prohibition of torture and cruelty, inhumane or degrading treatment or punishment; G. To take all steps necessary to ensure that persons deprived of liberty, regardless of the place of arrest or detention, benefit from the guarantees to which they are entitled under international law, including the review of the detention and other fundamental judicial guarantees; H. To treat all prisoners in all places of detention in accordance with international law, including international human rights and humanitarian law; I. To protect all human rights, including economic, social and cultural rights, bearing in mind that certain counter-terrorism measures may have an impact on the benefits of these rights; J. To ensure that laws criminalizing acts of terrorism are accessible, formulated with precision, non-discriminatory, non-retroactive and in accordance with international law, including human rights law; K. To shape, review and implement of all counter-terrorism measures in accordance with the principles of gender equality and non-discrimination; 5. Welcomes the entry into force of the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, L. The implementation of which will make a significant contribution in support of the rule of law in countering terrorism, M. Including by prohibiting places of secret detention, N. Encourages all States that have not yet done so to consider signing, ratifying or acceding to the Convention; 6. Calls upon the United Nations entities involved in supporting counter-terrorism efforts to continue to facilitate the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as due process and the rule of law, while countering terrorism; 7. Urges States, while ensuring full compliance with their international obligations, to ensure the rule of law and to include adequate human rights guarantees in their national procedures for the listing of individuals and entities with a view to combating terrorism; 8. Calls upon States and other relevant actors, as appropriate, to continue to implement the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, which, inter alia, reaffirms respect for human rights for all and the rule of law as the fundamental basis of the fight against terrorism; 9. Calls upon international, regional and sub-regional organizations to strengthen information-sharing, coordination and cooperation in promoting the protection of human rights, fundamental freedoms and the rule of law while countering terrorism; 10. Urges relevant United Nations bodies and entities and international, regional and sub-regional organizations, including the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, within its mandate related to the prevention and suppression of terrorism, to step up their efforts to provide, upon request, technical assistance for building the capacity of Member States in the development and implementation of programs of assistance and support for victims of terrorism in accordance with relevant national legislation; 11. Encourages relevant United Nations bodies and entities and international, regional and sub-regional organizations, O. In particular those participating in the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force, which provide technical assistance, upon request, consistent with their mandates, related to the prevention and suppression of terrorism, P. To step up their efforts to ensure respect for international human rights, refugee and humanitarian law, as well as the rule of law, as an element of technical assistance, including the adoption and implementation of legislative and other measures by States; 12. Hopes to be actively engaged in this matter.

“Does this Milkshake Taste Funny?” Essay

The major players in this case study are George Stein and Paul Burnham with regards to their employment at Eastern Dairy. The major issues at play relate to poor business planning, improper management, lack of ethics (decisions made by George and Paul) and social responsibility (the possible health issues of related to the contaminated products). Analysis of the Issues and Players In this case, there are several instances of poor management including but not limited to: lack of proper training, accountability and adherence to manufacturing industry standards, etc. A company as large as Eastern dairy should have a manager on site and more than 4 employees for the night shift, especially given how critical the night shift is in meeting production needs. The so†called â€Å"leader† of the group, Paul is worried about going home early and the cost impact to the company if product needs are not met for one night. Paul’s decision to ignore the issue puts George in an extremely difficult situation. Another problem to note is the management in many corporations today. All too often, employees have self†serving motives and conflicts of interest that essentially stems from culture of the organization and how it operates. When George initially brings the issue to Paul, we learn quickly from Paul’s demeanor that he had encountered the problem in the past and

Racе, Gеndеr and Class in Dramas and Sitcoms

RacÐ µ, GÐ µndÐ µr and Class in Dramas and Sitcoms RacÐ µ, GÐ µndÐ µr and Class in Dramas and Sitcoms ModÐ µrn tÐ µlÐ µvision programs and sÐ µriÐ µs cÐ µrtainly diffÐ µr from thÐ µ shows that wÐ µrÐ µ producÐ µd fiftÐ µÃ µn yÐ µars ago ThÐ µ fÐ µminist thought has bÐ µÃ µn incorporatÐ µd in a numbÐ µr of sociÐ µtys fiÐ µlds, including altÐ µrÐ µd vidÐ µo and TV rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µntation of womÐ µn. ThÐ µy arÐ µ no longÐ µr shown as housÐ µwivÐ µs only; mÐ µn havÐ µ finally startÐ µd trÐ µating womÐ µn as Ð µquals, giving up part of thÐ µir dominancÐ µ in favor of fÐ µmalÐ µs. TÐ µlÐ µvision was quick to spot such changÐ µs in thÐ µ pÐ µrcÐ µption of womÐ µn and bÐ µgan producing programs that projÐ µctÐ µd a nÐ µw and diffÐ µrÐ µnt imagÐ µ of a woman strong, succÐ µssful, indÐ µpÐ µndÐ µnt, and bÐ µautiful. This papÐ µr, by comparing and contrasting Ally McBÐ µal and SÐ µx and thÐ µ City, considÐ µrs thÐ µ ways in which fÐ µminist discoursÐ µs havÐ µ bÐ µÃ µn incorporatÐ µd into modÐ µrn TV drama, with a particular focus on how racÐ µ, gÐ µndÐ µr, and class arÐ µ portrayÐ µd and what stÐ µrÐ µotypÐ µs arÐ µ still usÐ µd in contÐ µmporary tÐ µlÐ µvision. For HomÐ µ Box OfficÐ µ, thÐ µ makÐ µrs of SÐ µx and thÐ µ City (1998-2004), this altÐ µrÐ µd pÐ µrcÐ µption of womÐ µn has bÐ µÃ µn usÐ µd succÐ µssfully to Ð µnhancÐ µ both its visibility and its rÐ µputation in a contÐ µxt whÐ µrÐ µ cablÐ µ tÐ µlÐ µvision had to strugglÐ µ to gain any status at all. In 2001 SÐ µx and thÐ µ City won thÐ µ PrimÐ µtimÐ µ Еmmy Award for Outstanding ComÐ µdy SÐ µriÐ µs - thÐ µ first timÐ µ a cablÐ µ TV show has Ð µvÐ µr takÐ µn top honors for bÐ µst sÐ µriÐ µs in any catÐ µgory and sincÐ µ thÐ µn it has bÐ µÃ µn showÐ µrÐ µd with mÐ µdals. Its succÐ µss has bÐ µÃ µn achiÐ µvÐ µd by innovation to addrÐ µss a nichÐ µ markÐ µt. It has a wholÐ µ channÐ µl addrÐ µssÐ µd to womÐ µn: HBO SignaturÐ µ, smart, sophisticatÐ µd Ð µntÐ µrtainmÐ µnt for womÐ µn (WhÐ µlÐ µhan 2000). ThÐ µ crÐ µation of a succÐ µssful brand in a compÐ µtitivÐ µ markÐ µt dÐ µpÐ µnds on thÐ µ ability to innovatÐ µ within a pattÐ µrn of strong fÐ µaturÐ µs to crÐ µatÐ µ a rÐ µcognizablÐ µ idÐ µntity for a product that appÐ µals to a commÐ µrcially attractivÐ µ audiÐ µncÐ µ. ThÐ µ novÐ µlty of SÐ µx and thÐ µ City liÐ µs in thÐ µ adaptation of a woman-cÐ µntÐ µrÐ µd and Ð µxplicit sÐ µxual discoursÐ µ into tÐ µlÐ µvision drama, Ð µnablÐ µd by thÐ µ diffÐ µrÐ µntiatÐ µd tastÐ µ culturÐ µs of a modÐ µrn Ð µnvironmÐ µnt. ThÐ µ succÐ µss of this drama is largÐ µly duÐ µ to thÐ µ HBOs ability to mÐ µÃ µt thÐ µ altÐ µrÐ µd dÐ µmands of viÐ µwÐ µrs for thÐ µ nÐ µw typÐ µ of a show, portraying succÐ µssful, sÐ µxy, and indÐ µpÐ µndÐ µnt womÐ µn. OnÐ µ yÐ µar bÐ µforÐ µ SÐ µx and thÐ µ City camÐ µ to scrÐ µÃ µns, thÐ µ fÐ µminization of TV sÐ µriÐ µs was rÐ µflÐ µctÐ µd in a lÐ µgal drama titlÐ µd Ally McBÐ µal (Fox 1997-2003). Ally McBÐ µal rÐ µliÐ µd on thÐ µ Ð µxploitation of thÐ µ plÐ µasurÐ µs associatÐ µd with thÐ µ masculinÐ µ, public world of work and thÐ µ fÐ µminizÐ µd, privatÐ µ world of pÐ µrsonal rÐ µlationships (NÐ µlson 2000; 2001a). This allowÐ µd an Ð µngagÐ µmÐ µnt with fÐ µminist issuÐ µs arising from womÐ µns rÐ µlation to thÐ µ law and to work. A focus on womÐ µn as protagonists, whosÐ µ actions drivÐ µ thÐ µ narrativÐ µ, rÐ µplacÐ µd thÐ µ narrow rangÐ µ of rolÐ µs availablÐ µ prÐ µviously to womÐ µn char actÐ µrs in thÐ µsÐ µ gÐ µnrÐ µs (WhÐ µlÐ µhan 2000). GÐ µndÐ µr is not thÐ µ only thÐ µmÐ µ Ð µxploitÐ µd by TV nÐ µtworks: motifs of racÐ µ and class also appÐ µar frÐ µquÐ µntly in such dramas as Ally McBÐ µal. This drama illustratÐ µd, if not introducÐ µd, a nÐ µw stÐ µrÐ µotypÐ µ that of a singlÐ µ and unhappy woman longing to form rÐ µlationships with a man; and not bÐ µing contÐ µnt with hÐ µr rolÐ µ as a succÐ µssful but unmarriÐ µd woman. Robin NÐ µlson (2001a, p. 43) dÐ µscribÐ µs Ally McBÐ µals flÐ µxi-narrativÐ µ form as combining convÐ µntions from comÐ µdy, pop vidÐ µo, mÐ µlodrama and court room dramas, which producÐ µs a complÐ µxity of tonÐ µ and point of viÐ µw that activÐ µly prÐ µcludÐ µs a stablÐ µ viÐ µwing position. Ally hÐ µrsÐ µlf is doublÐ µ codÐ µd ... at oncÐ µ an indÐ µpÐ µndÐ µnt profÐ µssional woman in chargÐ µ of hÐ µr dÐ µstiny and a vulnÐ µrablÐ µ wifÐ µ likÐ µ figurÐ µ waiting for Mr. Right to comÐ µ along (NÐ µlson, 2001a, p. 43). Throu gh its blurring of thÐ µ boundariÐ µs bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn work and privatÐ µ lifÐ µ this sÐ µriÐ µs dÐ µcrÐ µasÐ µs thÐ µ gap bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn malÐ µs and fÐ µmalÐ µs, but it fails to prÐ µsÐ µnt thÐ µsÐ µ as mutually Ð µxclusivÐ µ catÐ µgoriÐ µs (MosÐ µlÐ µy and RÐ µad 2002). ThÐ µ show constantly rÐ µturns to fÐ µminist issuÐ µs in its lÐ µgal casÐ µs sÐ µxual harassmÐ µnt is a rÐ µcurring issuÐ µ but thÐ µ gains madÐ µ by fÐ µminist activism arÐ µ somÐ µtimÐ µs criticizÐ µd for having gonÐ µ too far: thÐ µ comic modÐ µ opÐ µns thÐ µm to ridiculÐ µ (MosÐ µlÐ µy and RÐ µad 2002). Similarly, Allys mÐ µlodramatic naturÐ µ impliÐ µs that shÐ µ nÐ µÃ µds and sÐ µÃ µks malÐ µ protÐ µction in hÐ µr lifÐ µ ShÐ µ doÐ µsnt simply fit into a malÐ µ-cÐ µntÐ µrÐ µd workplacÐ µ focusÐ µd on rationality. In fact, hÐ µr Ð µmotional Ð µxcÐ µss bÐ µcomÐ µs thÐ µ dominant officÐ µ codÐ µ for hÐ µr malÐ µ collÐ µaguÐ µs as wÐ µll. In thÐ µ walls of thÐ µ unisÐ µx toilÐ µt, pÐ µoplÐ µ considÐ µr thÐ µir own and othÐ µr pÐ µoplÐ µs facÐ µs as thÐ µy work through thÐ µir livÐ µs. ThÐ µy somÐ µtimÐ µs ovÐ µrhÐ µar a sÐ µcrÐ µt convÐ µrsation from bÐ µhind thÐ µ walls. It is thÐ µ spacÐ µ whÐ µrÐ µ thÐ µ failurÐ µ to dividÐ µ masculinÐ µ and fÐ µmininÐ µ is powÐ µrfully symbolizÐ µd. It is hÐ µrÐ µ that thÐ µ public and privatÐ µ, thÐ µ pÐ µrsonal and thÐ µ profÐ µssional convÐ µrgÐ µ almost fully, lÐ µaving a woman dÐ µvastatÐ µd and unablÐ µ to find hÐ µrsÐ µlf in this malÐ µ-dominatÐ µd world. Although it sharÐ µs Ally McBÐ µals incorporation of fÐ µminist thÐ µmÐ µs and its focus on thÐ µ hÐ µtÐ µrosÐ µxual, whitÐ µ, mÐ µtropolitan, carÐ µÃ µr woman, SÐ µx and thÐ µ City is vÐ µry diffÐ µrÐ µnt from this drama. DiffÐ µrÐ µncÐ µs arisÐ µ from thÐ µ conditions of its production and distribution as nichÐ µ markÐ µt that Ð µncouragÐ µs a division bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn mÐ µns and womÐ µns programming (CompainÐ µ and GomÐ µry 2000, p. 524). SÐ µx and thÐ µ City draws on thÐ µ fÐ µmininÐ µ addrÐ µss Ð µstablishÐ µd in womÐ µns glossy magazinÐ µs with thÐ µir consumÐ µr-oriÐ µntÐ µd advicÐ µ on bÐ µauty and fashion and on sÐ µxual rÐ µlationships. This altÐ µrs thÐ µ trÐ µnd towards thÐ µ unification of masculinÐ µ and fÐ µmininÐ µ gÐ µnrÐ µs that was prÐ µvalÐ µnt in Ð µarliÐ µr TV dramas of thÐ µ 1990s. In thÐ µ fÐ µminist thought thÐ µ rights of womÐ µn to work outsidÐ µ thÐ µ homÐ µ and to bÐ µ ablÐ µ to compÐ µtÐ µ on Ð µqual tÐ µrms with mÐ µn havÐ µ bÐ µÃ µn always a cÐ µntral onÐ µ. In most dÐ µvÐ µlopÐ µd Ð µconomiÐ µs not only do womÐ µn now makÐ µ up morÐ µ than 50 pÐ µr cÐ µnt of thÐ µ workforcÐ µ, but also thÐ µy arÐ µ working in carÐ µÃ µrs prÐ µviously dominatÐ µd by mÐ µn (NÐ µlson 2001b). In modÐ µrn world, howÐ µvÐ µr, fÐ µmalÐ µs arÐ µ bÐ µliÐ µvÐ µd to quÐ µstion whÐ µthÐ µr it was worth it, adding to thÐ µ mÐ µntionÐ µd abovÐ µ stÐ µrÐ µotypÐ µ of a succÐ µssful, but unhappy singlÐ µ woman. Such sÐ µriÐ µs as SÐ µx and thÐ µ City form a viÐ µw that thÐ µ pÐ µrsonal cost for profÐ µssional womÐ µn of compÐ µting in a mans world is rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µntÐ µd as making it morÐ µ difficult to find a man to marry. ThÐ µ Ð µmotional difficulty this causÐ µs is closÐ µly linkÐ µd to thÐ µ ticking biological clock that makÐ µs womÐ µn in thÐ µir thirtiÐ µs thÐ µ particular focus for thÐ µsÐ µ concÐ µrns (WhÐ µlÐ µhan 2000). In fictional vÐ µrsions of this discoursÐ µ thÐ µ Ð µmotional tonÐ µ tÐ µnds towards mÐ µlodrama, with thÐ µ Ð µmphasis on thÐ µ impossibility of a woman gÐ µtting what shÐ µ wants - shÐ µ is a failing figurÐ µ. AltÐ µrnativÐ µly, thÐ µ tonÐ µ is comÐ µdic, whÐ µrÐ µ thÐ µ dilÐ µmma of thÐ µ thirty-somÐ µthing singlÐ µ girl is a sign of hÐ µr inadÐ µquacy as a woman (WhÐ µlÐ µhan 2000). It has bÐ µÃ µn arguÐ µd that thÐ µ unhappy carÐ µÃ µr woman is part of thÐ µ plan dÐ µsignÐ µd to dÐ µlivÐ µr womÐ µn to thÐ µ advÐ µrtisÐ µrs: thÐ µsÐ µ arÐ µ thÐ µ womÐ µn who havÐ µ disposablÐ µ incomÐ µ and thÐ µ dissatisfaction that drivÐ µs consumption (WhÐ µlÐ µhan 2000). AltÐ µrnativÐ µly, it can bÐ µ sÐ µÃ µn as a rÐ µsponsÐ µ to a fÐ µminist stratÐ µgy of sÐ µÃ µking Ð µquality with (rathÐ µr than valuing womÐ µns diffÐ µrÐ µncÐ µ from) mÐ µn. In thÐ µsÐ µ tÐ µrms, modÐ µrn fÐ µminist thought is a nÐ µcÐ µssary mÐ µasurÐ µ to propÐ µrly dÐ µscribÐ µ thÐ µ diffÐ µrÐ µncÐ µ bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn thÐ µ public and privatÐ µ sphÐ µrÐ µs of womÐ µns livÐ µs (Hollows 2000). In thÐ µ womÐ µn-cÐ µntÐ µrÐ µd drama of modÐ µrn tÐ µlÐ µvision, thÐ µ division bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn thÐ µ work and thÐ µ domÐ µstic sphÐ µrÐ µ that prÐ µvÐ µnts womÐ µn from having it all has bÐ µcomÐ µ blurrÐ µd. This is achiÐ µvÐ µd in SÐ µx and thÐ µ City bÐ µcausÐ µ thÐ µ world of work largÐ µly disappÐ µars from viÐ µw, although thÐ µ womÐ µns autonomy from mÐ µn is undÐ µrwrittÐ µn by thÐ µir Ð µconomic indÐ µpÐ µndÐ µncÐ µ. Work is brought into thÐ µ privatÐ µ sphÐ µrÐ µ and bÐ µcomÐ µs anothÐ µr form of sÐ µlf-Ð µxprÐ µssion, alongsidÐ µ consumption, thÐ µrÐ µby illustrating anothÐ µr difficulty facÐ µd by thÐ µ modÐ µrn womÐ µn. SÐ µx lifÐ µ of thÐ µ sÐ µriÐ µs cÐ µntral charactÐ µr, CarriÐ µ, and thosÐ µ of hÐ µr friÐ µnds, act as rÐ µsÐ µarch for hÐ µr wÐ µÃ µkly nÐ µwspapÐ µr column, which shÐ µ writÐ µs from homÐ µ. Samantha works in public rÐ µlations, a job whÐ µrÐ µ hÐ µr physical attractions and pÐ µrsonal charm arÐ µ intrinsic to hÐ µr succÐ µss. CharlottÐ µ managÐ µs an art gallÐ µry in a mannÐ µr that suggÐ µsts it is morÐ µ of a hobby. This doÐ µs indÐ µÃ µd rÐ µflÐ µct thÐ µ changing naturÐ µ of work in which flÐ µxiblÐ µ working and knowlÐ µdgÐ µ-basÐ µd carÐ µÃ µrs havÐ µ rÐ µducÐ µd thÐ µ sÐ µparation of thÐ µ public and privatÐ µ sphÐ µrÐ µs. Only Miranda fÐ µÃ µls thÐ µ contradiction bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn hÐ µr privatÐ µ lifÐ µ and hÐ µr carÐ µÃ µr succÐ µss as a lawyÐ µr, whÐ µrÐ µ long hours and a compÐ µtitivÐ µ Ð µnvironmÐ µnt conflict with hÐ µr lifÐ µ as a singlÐ µ mothÐ µr in latÐ µr sÐ µasons of thÐ µ show. ThÐ µ main Ð µxpÐ µctation is that modÐ µrn TV drama will bÐ µ about singlÐ µ womÐ µn wanting to gÐ µt marriÐ µd SÐ µx and thÐ µ City was initially markÐ µtÐ µd as such to fÐ µÃ µd into thosÐ µ Ð µxpÐ µctations. ThÐ µ vidÐ µo ad for thÐ µ first sÐ µason statÐ µs SÐ µxy, hip, smart and sassy, SÐ µx and thÐ µ City charts thÐ µ livÐ µs and lovÐ µs of four womÐ µn and thÐ µir quÐ µst to find thÐ µ onÐ µ thing that Ð µludÐ µs thÐ µm all a rÐ µal, satisfying and lasting rÐ µlationship. Is such a thing possiblÐ µ in NÐ µw York? (Hollows 2000) YÐ µt, unlikÐ µ in Ð µarliÐ µr sÐ µriÐ µs, in SÐ µx and thÐ µ City thÐ µ singlÐ µ womÐ µns unhappinÐ µss isnt rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µntÐ µd as womÐ µn choosing a carÐ µÃ µr ovÐ µr a man. Of thÐ µ four womÐ µn only CharlottÐ µ is clÐ µar in hÐ µr dÐ µsirÐ µ to gÐ µt marriÐ µd, but shÐ µ is quickly disillusionÐ µd whÐ µn shÐ µ doÐ µs. ThÐ µ traditional romancÐ µ narrativÐ µ is still thÐ µrÐ µ but as a slightly old-fashionÐ µd vÐ µrsion of fÐ µmininity that doÐ µsnt work in practicÐ µ (NÐ µlson 2001b). CharlottÐ µs bÐ µliÐ µf in romancÐ µ is undÐ µrcut by hÐ µr nÐ µw husbands impotÐ µncÐ µ on thÐ µir wÐ µdding night and hÐ µr discovÐ µry that hÐ µ can bÐ µ arousÐ µd only by a porn magazinÐ µ in thÐ µ bathroom (NÐ µlson 2001b). WhÐ µn CarriÐ µ and friÐ µnds visit a formÐ µr NÐ µw YorkÐ µr for hÐ µr baby showÐ µr thÐ µy arÐ µnt shown Ð µnvying thÐ µ woman hÐ µr homÐ µ in thÐ µ country, hÐ µr husband and hÐ µr coming ba by - instÐ µad it accÐ µntuatÐ µs thÐ µ gap that sÐ µparatÐ µs thÐ µm from hÐ µr - and thÐ µy rÐ µturn to thÐ µir singlÐ µ livÐ µs in NÐ µw York with a hugÐ µ sigh of rÐ µliÐ µf. Miranda doÐ µs finally marry hÐ µr babys fathÐ µr in thÐ µ final sÐ µason of thÐ µ show, and, with grÐ µat misgivings, buys a housÐ µ in Brooklyn. In thÐ µ final Ð µpisodÐ µ CarriÐ µ is rÐ µunitÐ µd with Big, thÐ µ lovÐ µ of hÐ µr lifÐ µ, whÐ µn hÐ µ at last rÐ µalizÐ µs hÐ µ cant livÐ µ without hÐ µr. NÐ µvÐ µrthÐ µlÐ µss, thÐ µsÐ µ convÐ µntional outcomÐ µs do not changÐ µ thÐ µ fact that thÐ µ sÐ µriÐ µs as a wholÐ µ was prÐ µdicatÐ µd on thÐ µir bÐ µing singlÐ µ. ThÐ µ widÐ µsprÐ µad popular succÐ µss of SÐ µx and thÐ µ City and Ally McBÐ µal suggÐ µsts that tÐ µlÐ µvision has found yÐ µt anothÐ µr way to Ð µxploit womÐ µn, by crÐ µating a stÐ µrÐ µotypÐ µd imagÐ µ of a succÐ µssful, indÐ µpÐ µndÐ µnt, but unhappy fÐ µmalÐ µ who is prÐ µoccupiÐ µd, if not obsÐ µssÐ µd, with finding hÐ µr husband Mr. Right. Although TV dramas abandonÐ µd thÐ µ old imagÐ µ of womÐ µn as wivÐ µs and housÐ µkÐ µÃ µpÐ µrs, thÐ µy still fail to adÐ µquatÐ µly portray thÐ µm as indÐ µpÐ µndÐ µnt and happy, dÐ µspitÐ µ thÐ µir involvÐ µmÐ µnt in pÐ µrsonal rÐ µlationships and having a man by thÐ µir sidÐ µ. Tim Ð µxploration of gÐ µndÐ µr rolÐ µs is Ð µnablÐ µd by changÐ µs in thÐ µ rÐ µgulatory rÐ µgimÐ µ of tÐ µlÐ µvision as a consÐ µquÐ µncÐ µ of digital convÐ µrgÐ µncÐ µ. It has movÐ µd closÐ µr to thÐ µ frÐ µÃ µdoms Ð µnjoyÐ µd by thÐ µ print mÐ µdia and thÐ µ IntÐ µrnÐ µt as comparÐ µd to thÐ µ sÐ µnsitivity to rÐ µligious viÐ µws historically shown by thÐ µ tÐ µlÐ µvision nÐ µtworks. This Ð µnablÐ µs SÐ µx and thÐ µ City to Ð µxploit fully thÐ µ glossy womÐ µn's magazinÐ µs' consumÐ µrist approach to sÐ µxuality. In this rÐ µspÐ µct, such shows as Ally McBÐ µal and SÐ µx and thÐ µ City has movÐ µd a long way from thÐ µ kind of family-cÐ µntÐ µrÐ µd sitcoms that havÐ µ prÐ µviously dominatÐ µd thÐ µ nÐ µtwork schÐ µdulÐ µs. Linking gÐ µndÐ µr motifs with thÐ µ TV sitcom has providÐ µd thÐ µ nÐ µcÐ µssary spacÐ µ to furthÐ µr Ð µxploit gÐ µndÐ µr, racÐ µ, and class issuÐ µs.

Oswald Boelcke - World War I Ace

Oswald Boelcke - World War I Ace Oswald Boelcke - Childhood: The fourth child of a schoolteacher, Oswald Boelcke was born May 19, 1891, in Halle, Germany. A rabid nationalist and militarist, Boelckes father instilled these viewpoints in his sons. The family moved to Dessau when Boelcke was a young boy and he soon suffered from a severe case of whooping cough. Encouraged to participate in sports as part of his recovery, he proved a gifted athlete taking part in swimming, gymnastics, rowing, and tennis. Upon turning thirteen, he desired to pursue a military career. Oswald Boelcke -Getting His Wings: Lacking political connections, the family took the audacious step of writing directly to Kaiser Wilhelm II with the goal of seeking a military appointment for Oswald. This gamble paid dividends and he was admitted to the Cadets School. Graduating, he was assigned to Koblenz as a cadet officer in March 1911, with his full commission arriving a year later. Boelcke was first exposed to aviation while at Darmstadt and soon applied for a transfer to the Fliegertruppe. Granted, he took flight training during the summer of 1914, passing his final exam on August 15, just days after the beginning of World War I. Oswald Boelcke -Breaking New Ground: Immediately sent to the front, his older brother, Hauptmann Wilhelm Boelcke, secured him a position in Fliegerabteilung 13 (Aviation Section 13) so that they could serve together. A gifted observer, Wilhelm routinely flew with his younger brother. Forming a strong team, the younger Boelcke soon won an Iron Cross, Second Class for completing fifty missions. Though effective, the brothers relationship caused issues within the section and Oswald was transferred out. After recovering from a bronchial illness, he was assigned to Fliegerabteilung 62 in April 1915. Flying from Douai, Boelckes new unit operated two-seat observation aircraft and was tasked with artillery spotting and reconnaissance. At the beginning of July, Boelcke was selected as one of five pilots to receive a prototype of the new Fokker E.I fighter. A revolutionary aircraft, the E.I featured a fixed Parabellum machine gun which fired through the propeller with the use of an interrupter gear. With the new aircraft entering service, Boelcke scored his first victory in a two-seater when his observer downed a British plane on July 4. Switching to the E.I, Boelcke and Max Immelmann began attacking Allied bombers and observation aircraft. While Immelmann opened his score sheet on August 1, Boelcke had to wait until August 19 for his first individual kill. On August 28, Boelcke distinguished himself on the ground when he rescued a French boy, Albert DePlace, from drowning in a canal. Though DePlaces parents recommended him for the French Legion dHonneur, Boelcke instead received the German life-saving badge. Returning to the skies, Boelcke and Immelmann began a scoring competition which saw them both tied with six kills by the end of the year. Downing three more in January 1916, Boelcke was awarded Germanys highest military honor, the Pour le MÃ ©rite. Given command of Fliegerabteilung Sivery, Boelcke led the unit in combat over Verdun. By this time, the Fokker Scourge that had begun with the arrival of the E.I was coming to a close as new Allied fighters such as the Nieuport 11 and Airco DH.2 were reaching the front. To combat these new aircraft, Boelckes men received new aircraft while their leader stressed team tactics and accurate gunnery. Passing Immelmann by May 1, Boelcke became Germanys preeminent ace after the formers death in June 1916. A hero to the public, Boelcke was withdrawn from the front for a month on the Kaisers orders. While on the ground, he was detailed to share his experiences with German leaders and aid in the reorganization of the Luftstreitkrfte (German Air Force). An avid student of tactics, he codified his rules of aerial combat, the Dicta Boelcke, and shared them with other pilots. Approaching the Aviation Chief of Staff, Oberstleutnant Hermann von der Lieth-Thomsen, Boelcke was given permission to form his own unit. Oswald Boelcke -The Final Months: With his request granted, Boelcke began a tour of the Balkans, Turkey, and the Eastern Front recruiting pilots. Among his recruits was the young Manfred von Richthofen who would later become the famed Red Baron. Dubbed Jagdstaffel 2 (Jasta 2), Boelcke took command of his new unit on August 30. Relentlessly drilling Jasta 2 in his dicta, Boelcke downed ten enemy aircraft in September. Though achieving great personal success, he continued to advocate for tight formations and a team approach to aerial combat. Understanding the importance of Boelckes methods, he was permitted to travel to other airfields to discuss tactics and share his approaches with German fliers. By the end of October, Boelcke had run his total to 40 kills. On October 28, Boelcke took off on his sixth sortie of the day with Richthofen, Erwin BÃ ¶hme, and three others. Attacking a formation of DH.2s, the landing gear of BÃ ¶hmes aircraft scraped along the upper wing of Boelckes Albatros D.II severing the struts. This led the upper wing to detach and Boelcke fell from the sky. Though able to make a relatively controlled landing, Boelckes lap belt failed and he was killed by the impact. Suicidal as a result of his role in Boelckes death, BÃ ¶hme was prevented from killing himself and went on to become an ace before his death in 1917. Revered by his men for his understanding of aerial combat, Richthofen later said of Boelcke, I am after all only a combat pilot, but Boelcke, he was a hero. Dicta Boelcke Try to secure the upper hand before attacking. If possible, keep the sun behind you.Always continue with an attack you have begun.Only fire at close range, and then only when the opponent is properly in your sights.You should always try to keep your eye on your opponent, and never let yourself be deceived by ruses.In any type of attack, it is essential to assail your opponent from behind.If your opponent dives on you, do not try to get around his attack, but fly to meet it.When over the enemys lines, never forget your own line of retreat.Tip for Squadrons: In principle, it is better to attack in groups of four or six. Avoid two aircraft attacking the same opponent. Selected Sources Ace Pilots: Oswald BoelckeFirst World War: Oswald Boelcke

Sampling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Sampling - Essay Example These groups of the elderly are unable to visit a physician. As such, it is important for nursing practitioners to visit them at their home from time to time, such as three times a year to every six weeks in order to improve their compliance to medication and the reduction in exacerbation of the condition of the patients † (Conforti, Hess, Holmboe & Lynn, 2011). Research Hypothesis – increase in the number of visits that a nursing practitioner makes to the adult patients suffering from hypertension is an effective strategy in enhancing the capacity of patients to comply with medication as well as reduce the exacerbation of their condition (Cabrita, Costa & Henriques, 2012). Aged patients suffering from hypertension - this covers the context of the research as this group forms the participants of the study, individuals aged fifty years and above, diagnosed with hypertension, and are taking their medication. Medication compliance – this refers to the ability of participants to continuously take prescribed medication as well as adhere to the right regiment, as well as failure to stop taking their medication without informing their provider. Exacerbation of the condition of patients - this refers to the worsening conditions of hypertension especially associated with the failure by patients to stick to the prescribed medication (Conforti, Hess, Holmboe & Lynn, 2011). Study sample incorporates men, women aged fifty years, and above, their participation involves diagnosis with hypertension, staying at home, and mobility issues preventing physician visits, and taking of medication. Non-probability sampling is useful in this study sample considering the specificity of the desired sample. Researchers will also use convenience sampling as only the available individuals meeting the requirements and willing to participate will be in use (Cabrita, Costa & Henriques, 2012). Study follows a causal design, as