Thursday, October 31, 2019
Jeffersonian Political Idealogy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Jeffersonian Political Idealogy - Essay Example Jefferson’s influence was instrumental from the beginning. Having authored the Declaration of Independence, he objected to the wording of the Constitution on various points, among these that it made no provisions for individual freedoms, that there were no term limits for the chief executive, and that there was no guarantee of state rights. These objections led to the first Ten Amendments, also known as the Bill of Rights. The last of these amendments stated specifically that "all powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States or to the people," which came to be a focal point for much of Jefferson’s following political career. With the United States so newly founded, there were many matters of governance still to be addressed. One of the first issues to arise involved Alexander Hamilton’s proposed fiscal plans, which involved the creation of a federal currency and banking institute. The creation of this agenda would ultimately give the national government control over the economy, creating a balanced unification throughout the country while at the same time removing the states’ rights of minting their own currency to control inflation. Because this would help centralize the federal government position of authority, Hamilton and his supporters became known as the Federalists. Jefferson fought this plan, fearing that by all power being given to the Capitol, it would negate the system of checks and balances that had been designed. The Bank of the United States was established in 1791 over Jefferson’s objections, but was given a twenty year charter of operation. The charter, when reviewed at that time, was not renewed, primarily for the initial reasons of contention. More important than fiscal matters, however, was the establishing precedent of opposing political parties. Thomas
Tuesday, October 29, 2019
Retail or Wholesale Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Retail or Wholesale - Research Paper Example marketing retail goods is disadvantageous in that the retailers do not enjoy discounts when buying goods in bulk as wholesalers do when buying from manufacturers. Retail goods face the challenge of having a low turnover rate, as compared to wholesale goods. This is as a result of selling goods in pieces to consumers; however, wholesale goods have a high turnover rate since many retailers buy from wholesalers in bulk. Another challenge faced when marketing wholesale goods is the risk of wholesalers experiencing a huge loss when retailers fail to buy their bulk goods (Bridges & Strelzoff, 2011). A possible new market segment for a video game is the air industry. The target is families with kids less than 10 years boarding long flights. The business strategy will involve collaborating with airplane companies, which will result in installing the video game devices on airplane seats so that kids can play when on board (Klaas & Gainey, 2007). In essence, the marketing strategy entails selling the video games to airline companies. The conventional way of passing time during a flight is watching T.V., listening to music or reading a magazine. This marketing strategy is different in that it involves passing time and entertaining kids during a flight (Whysall, 2011). Klaas B, Gainey T. (2007). Professional Employer Organizations and Their Impact on Client Satisfaction With Human Resource Outcomes: A Field Study of Human Resource Outsourcing in Small and Medium Enterprises. Journal of Management ,
Sunday, October 27, 2019
Influences of Japanese Culture and Cuisine
Influences of Japanese Culture and Cuisine Globalization can be described as an ongoing process where resources, believes, ideas and technology from different cultures are integrated to each other and promote new ways of thinking and practices among the society. As a continuing progression, globalization aroused from the influences of other cultures, which has been adapted with the local cultural conditions and modified to fit in the context of social behaviour. The external influences will directly override some local particularities, and the culture itself will be altered, or maybe damaged, or even enhanced, according to the perspective of society life. Therefore, the expression of culture itself will be interpreted and analysed in different way which encouraged the people to think, act, and learn the new disciplines in every aspect of life. These processes, hence, have an outcome of a cultural diversity, in which introducing the local values in global culture. In other words, it offered a global and local linkage of social changes that happened in the nation. Looking through the contemporary social life, globalization has become a major issue all over the world. Many countries have developed new approaches in most of the living aspects, and transformed peoples lifestyle in order to follow the major flow that happened globally. In todays modern days, globalization can act as a tool to open the opportunities of influence by other countries, and expand the cross-cultural interaction that may build up the cohesion among the nation. Globalization, however, implies to westernization in present days. The nature of western countries seems to appear as a science based tradition and the world is highly developed towards that tradition, as a sense of control. These global forces appear to superficially standardized and homogenized cultures, and equivalent to westernization. Majority of cultures are converging to the western standards, local identities have been replaced with global culture, and western values have become significant trends in this modern world. Looking at Singapore, a cosmopolitan city, where variety of cultures merges together, is one of a good example of a country that embraces globalization. Besides accepting the westernization, Singapore has been spanning borders through other cultures, such as Malay, Chinese, Indian, and Caucasian. These four interwoven cultures has created a genuine blending of traditions, believes, and ideas. A fusion of cultures in which Singapore brought in, has created a multi-disciplinary notions and practices, rooted in many cultural traditions. This synthesis has altered and transforms the peoples way of life according to the local context. On the other hand, not only western value that the world, including Singapore, has been developing on, but also majority of the countries have welcoming influences from Asian culture. Japan has brought a significant shift in the worlds globalization. Beside westernization, it has been become a popular culture among the world. Japanese culture has generated a different approach in global trends. Its tradition does not rest on science based technology and for them technology is a choice, not a necessity. Japan has greatly developed their long standing traditions towards something that instinctive rather than rationalistic way of thinking, like what the western do. Japan has its own original characteristic, which has a capacity to adapt and integrate new forms and function. Hence, there is no doubt that Japanese influence has an impact on the worlds culture, such as, in space, design, architecture, style, and even food culture. There is no large city in the world in which a Japanese restaurant cannot be found. Far from being a passing fad, Japanese cuisine is an establishment item in restaurants all over the world. The popularity of Japanese food is in part due to its reputation as a healthy alternative and also the curiosity and willingness to constantly introducing new tastes in their daily meals. Japanese way of dining, since the olden days, has put emphasized on food arrangement as a piece of art. For the Japanese, food must be enjoyed visually and pleasing to the eyes. They have developed the aesthetic sense to design exquisite harmony between colours, texture and shape throughout the food arrangement. This visual pleasure is an essential prelude and accompaniment to the savoury pleasure that follow. The influence of Japanese cuisine has been successfully creating a new atmosphere in Singapore food culture. It is proven that Singapore people accepted the taste and ambience of Japanese food by looking to the increasing number of sushi chain restaurant, such as Sushi Tei, Sakae Sushi; numerous traditional and contemporary Japanese restaurant, and also Japanese themed food court such as Ishimura and Manpuku. The diversity of food which has been influenced by Japanese cuisine, has become an inspiration for the designers to introduce innovative and exciting solutions to design dining spaces, through the essential aspect of Japanese dining and design in new ways that suit todays restaurant-goers. Recognizing the context of social behaviour in Singapore, innovation is the key elements for Singaporean. In terms of food culture, people like an excitement and it is a challenge for them to try something fresh and different, both in food and also ambience of dining space. Experience is another strong point, another extra ordinary atmosphere can attract people to get in and try a new restaurant. Besides the tendency to look for new things, the image of Singapore as a fast paced country gave an impact to the society. The time-oriented and multi-tasking people have built a busy working environment and hectic lifestyle in this metropolis city. Consequently, they are likely dont have time to have the luxury of enjoying social fellowship during the weekdays. This could be why it seems that forms of entertainment in Singapore tend to be designed to fit peoples activity on weekends. The big leisure activity that Singapore offers is shopping. There are numerous numbers of malls and shopping centres have been build or even renovated to drag people in the shopping as an attraction. Other than shopping; casinos, theme parks, nature reserves, are the other forms of leisure that Singapore provided. Despite the fact that all those type of facilities can serve as a very relaxing and stress relieving activity, people need to spend their time on weekend to do these activities. By aware of the complexity of the contemporary condition,
Friday, October 25, 2019
New beetle Essay -- essays research papers
Case9 : New Beetle EXTERNAL ANALYSIS 1.     Market definition New beetle is competing in the small size car industry in the US market. 2.     Market size In US market, the total of small car sales in 2,217,813 units, which is equivalent to 32 million dollar. Market size in dollar term = 2,217,813 * ($11,035 to $18,000) = $ 32 million In 1998, New beetle sales is 137,885 units, which is 6 percent of the market. Market share in 1998 = 137,885 = 6 percent.                2,217,813 3.     Market growth The industry is considered to be in the position between the growth and maturity stage. Considering the innovation and continuous car developments are still taking place, there are still good signs for the growing factors. Moreover, the industry is less attractive to enter at the moment because of the already established industry. The car manufacturer is approaching the maturity stage of the industrial life cycle. However, based on the small car sales in 1996 (2,322,021 units) and 1997 (2,217,812 units), the market is declining by 4 percent. Market growth = 2,217,812 - 2,322,021 = - 4 percent                2,322,021 4.     Key Trends †¢Ã‚     Socio-cultural: American consumers have ever-changing demands attitude and there is a trend of aging population. The baby boomers customer has a change preferences as they are changing preferences to larger cars-sedans, SUVs and pick-ups. †¢Ã‚     Economic: During the 1970s, the appreciation of the Deutsche Mark against the dollar threatened to price VW’s cars – most of which were low or mid range models – out of the market. The 1982 recession, drop in oil prices, and the declining popularity of hatchbacks contributed to the declining sales. †¢Ã‚     Technology: In this industry, it is important to always keep up with technology in order to satisfy customer’s demands. Volkswagen offered the benefits of German engineered cars, which are perceived as high quality cars. For instance, with the New Beetle, VW is keeping themselves up to date with today’s car industry standards. †¢Ã‚     Po... ...ncrease Revenue     5     4     3 Maintain the affordability concept     2     5     2 Increase number of customers     4     4     5 TOTAL     15     14     12 The strategy selected for New Beetle is to focus on the Baby Boomers market. 8.     SELECTED STRATEGY AND JUSTIFICATION New Beetle is a differentiated product that should target a focus segment that is the Baby Boomers. In terms of promotion, the advertisements would be mainly using the print media with high level of frequency to achieve the ads effectiveness. Since the main target market is Baby Boomers, Volkswagen can charge premium pricing in order to increase the revenue. The other competitors in the small car market may try to seduce the potential to buy their products instead, due to the lower price offered, dealers’ special deals and possibility of design duplication by the competitors.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Metapath Case Report Essay
1. PURPOSE The purpose of this briefing note is to provide recommendations for Metapath Software Corp. (â€Å"Metapath†) on its financing offers received in September 1997. These two offers came from 1) a fund consortium led by Robertson Stephens Omega Fund (â€Å"RSC†) and Technology Crossover Ventures (â€Å"TCV†) and 2) CellTech Communications (â€Å"CellTech†), a vendor of wireless technology which had recently gone IPO. 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Metapath has made good progress in developing its business since its inception – generating $6.4m revenue in the September quarter of 1997 with representation of three large customers. However, with the ambition to win a good chance of IPO within the next two years, more capital needed to be raised to gain traction in customer acquisition and smooth out current quarter-to-quarter revenues. Metapath has received two offers as at September 1997 and they are discussed as follows: RSC and TCV consortium offered to buy $11.75 million of stock at a $76 million pre-money valuation (â€Å"Series E Preferred†). The proposed stock instrument was a participating convertible stock (â€Å"PCPT†). This instrument functions the same as the convertible preferred stock in the event of a qualified public offering whereas in the event of a sale, RSC and TCV consortium not only receives the face value of the consideration, but also gets the equity participation. CellTech offered Met apath’s shareholders to receive common stock at closing in CellTech at $115 million. 3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMS The problems associated with the offers from RSC and TCV consortium are listed as follows: Proposed stock instrument is extremely dilutive to the founders in the event of a sale where the liquidity preference will reduce the amount of funds available to the other four tranches from previous investments. If the Metapath goes public, the percentage of ownership for C & D tranches will be further diluted, after RSC and TCV consortium exercises its liquidity preference. The problems associated with the offers from CellTech are listed as follows: CellTech’s liquidity and financing issues. Strategic/Business fit between CellTech and Metapath. 4. ANALYSIS Comparing the term sheet of the offer from RSC and TCV consortium to that of CellTech, RSC and TCV’s PCPT had a much more dilutive impact to Metapath upon exit. Under liquidation, the term sheet stipulates that the Series E investors is entitled to claim its initial investment of $10.75 million plus any accrued but unpaid dividend. Any proceeds after this claim will then be distributed to all common and Series E Preferred shareholders on an as-converted pro-rata basis. This double dipping means that RSC will not only recover its initial investment of $5 millions, but also enjoys the convertible benefits. As a result, if the sale occurs before 2000, the profitability for A-D tranches will be negatively impacted by the ‘preferred’ characteristic in the Series E. However if the sale occurs after 2000, A and B tranches will be gradually redeemed on an annual basis, which will leave C and D tranches to be mostly impacted adversely by the preferred characteristic in the Series E stock. Under the circumstance of an IPO, tranches C, D and E will convert to common at their negotiated prices while A & B will be redeemed. However, on the flip side, the price offered by RSC and TCV consortium was $6, which was significantly higher than the first three rounds of financing (tranches A,B and C) at $1.05 and final round (tranche D) at $1.62. PCPT instrument was created to enable the consortium to mitigate the risks in the event of a sale/liquidation that would be of the founders’ interests and value destroying. CellTech’s valuation of $115 million was certainly attractive for a company like Metapath with a revenue run rate of $25.6 million. However, this represents approximately 30% of the totally capitalisation. The willingness from CellTech to sacrifice such a large amount of capital indicates that either CellTech genuinely believed that Metapath would contribute significantly to the synergies to the NewCo or there could be asymmetric information hidden from the management. It signalled CellTech’s underlying business might have limited upside. This issue needs to be further investigated if offer is accepted from CellTech. In addition, CellTech’s balance sheet indicated ongoing liquidity and financing risks. As we can see from the table below, the company continued to face liquidity pressure where its cash ratio and quick ratio deteriorated over the course from 1995 to 1997. CellTech had six consecutive quarters operating loss, which indicated that its unhealthy operating cash flow ratio. Doubts were raised whether CellTech was a good strategic fit to Metapath’s business model. This is due to the fact that CellTech’s products were mostly hardware-based and installed in the field with cellular base stations, whereas Metapath’s products largely consisted of software running on standard server platforms in the wireless switching office. The only benefit gauged regarding this point was that some of CellTech’s engineers could potentially be useful to Metapath’s development group. 5. CONCLUSIONS The recommendation for Metapath is to take the offer from RSC and TCV consortium. Even though CellTech has performed well since the IPO and bullish views from the stock analysts, its potential information asymmetry issues and liquidity risk could harm the value of Metapath post acquisition. The limited strategic fit is also of our concern, which might constrain Metapath’s growth potential. With our ambition to lead Metapath to IPO, we see RSC and TCV consortium as a better fit in this case. Tranches A and B’s interests will be protected through their initial capital structures. Tranches C and D’s interests will be diluted; however it enables Metapath to continue its growth momentum with limited downside.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Cerebral Lateralization and Functionality Essay
There are several methods for studying cerebral lateralization; four methods in the forefront are the study of unilateral lesions, sodium amytal, dichotic listening, and functional brain imaging. The traditional method for studying cerebral lateralization is unilateral lesions study, which is the study of the location and effect lesions have on the brain and body functionality. In past, this was primarily done after the subject was deceased or through highly invasive surgery. The sodium amytal test uses an injection of sodium amytal into a carotid artery on the side of the neck that will put the same side hemisphere to sleep for a few minutes allowing doctors to test the other hemisphere for primary language center. The process is then repeated for the opposite side of the hemisphere. This method is invasive, but provides a fairly accurate method to identify the hemisphere that is the primary language center. The dichotic listening test uses earphones to speak a different sequence, such as numbers, in each ear; the sequence with the most digits reported indicates the dominant language hemisphere. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one, meaning the subject would have repeated more sequences heard in the right ear. The dichotic listening test is non-invasive, and it is just as accurate an indicator of primary language center hemisphere as the sodium amytal test method. Functional brain imaging uses positron emission tomography (PET) or functional MRI to measure brain activity while the subject is performing an activity such as reading; typically, functional brain imaging used on language tests reveals more activity in the left hemisphere. Functional brain imaging is the method that shows more detail in brain activity.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Religious Tradition, Their Structures and Patterns
Religious Tradition, Their Structures and Patterns The world is endowed with an incredible number of diverse religions. These different communities have varying forms in which their religious tradition was shaped up and how they related to the sacred. Generally, these religious traditions have structures and patterns which can be easily followed and be understood. Also the religious traditions were simultaneously linked to the sacred, that is the sacred being, the sacred places, the sacred artifacts among others. The sacred was to be feared and be respected by all (Oraka, 1983).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Religious Tradition, Their Structures and Patterns specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Teachings were among the key pillars that held the religious traditions in place. Each religious tradition had a way of conveying peoples understanding of spirituality and the sacred. Explaining and elaborating their understanding to others was the only way the communities knew to make others believe in what they believe. In various religious groups, the teachings were primarily passed to the young ones. To begin with, these teachings were stored somewhere. In some more civilized communities like the Islam their teachings were documented religious text which they referred to as Qur’an, sira and hadith were developed in Umayyad Empire. These teachings were passed to children by the elderly who had a vast understanding of the religion. The teaching was conducted in selected places where the children gathered. Other communities never had ways of documenting their religious teachings so they preserved the teachings in their memories. In this case, the teaching was communicated to the younger generation orally (Oraka, 1983). It goes without debate that every religion had its own doctrines. Doctrines varied from community to community. Most of the doctrines if not all were dogmatic in the sense that no one was allowed to question them. But the bottom-line agenda of these doctrines was that they were meant to make people act and behave in a certain manner with respect to their belief in the sacred. Because of the belief of the existence of a Supreme Being various communities involved in worshipping and prayers. Some communities were monotheistic while others were polytheistic. The religious traditions that were monotheistic believed in the existence of one God like the Jewish religion. Jews believed in one God to whom they used to worship and offer prayers to. Worship was considered as a way of acknowledging the supremacy of their God and a way of adoring Him. This was meant to appease Him (Oraka, 1983). Prayers played an important role in all the communities. They considered it as a way of communicating with the Supreme Being and the sacred. The prayers were offered as a form of gratitude, worship or request to the Supreme Being. Most prayers were accompanied by rituals.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Le t's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Like prayers, rituals were done depending on the issue at stake. For example, in the Igbo community when a prominent person dies, he/she is placed on a stool in a sitting position clothed in the deceased finest garment. Then animal sacrifice is offered to them and they are well perfumed. The burial follows in the next 24 hours (Oraka, 1983). Pilgrimage is another component in religious tradition. This is a long religious journey to a sacred place. This journey is meant to strengthen and expand and individual’s religious faith and belief. People go to these places occasionally, not regularly. An example of pilgrimage is the visit to Mecca by members of the Islamic religion. Reference Oraka, L. N. (1983). The foundation of the Igbo studies. Virginia: University Publishing Co.
Monday, October 21, 2019
Code of hammurabi.
Code of hammurabi. Although Hammurabi was probably strong enough to maintain rule through the might of the sword, he provided a set of laws bringing justice and stability to a chaotic and violent region. His laws had the following sections: the prologue, the administration of justice, property, irrigation, loans and interest, regulation of trade, debt slavery, marriage and the family, adoption, personal injury and manslaughter, physician's fees and malpractice, building regulations, wage regulations, and an epilogue. Each line within each section covers something important to the operations of Babylonian society. Although some of Hammurabi's ideas appear harsh, they probably brought stability to this society. The alternative was chaos and war.The most important section of this code is probably the prologue. It shows that these laws do not come from one man. Hammurabi makes it clear that he is the king and wants order and stability in the land. Disobeying the laws means not only violating the wishes of the king, but also angering the gods.An inscription of the Code of Hammurabi.The threat of death appears frequently in these sections. False witness, fraud, and robbery are all ways in which could result in execution of the offender. The simple act of allowing unwanted people to stand within the seller's establishment could prove fatal. However, it is not easy to bring order to a world that has seen little of it ever.Babylon had been settled for centuries, giving its residents time to become concerned over property. Not only is there a specific section devoted to property, but also these concerns appear throughout the code. Property is a major factor in marriages, and concern must be placed on who owns what, especially when the husband pays attention to women other than his wife. The wife has a dowry and sometimes children. The concubine may also produce children competing...
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Body Shop Proposal
A. This is because they choose to focus on targeting working adults which is leaned towards a mature image and does not appeals to teens. B. They will lose the potential to increase their sales volume if this continues. II. There are three main possible themes that we would like to propose. A. Firstly, â€Å"Fire†will be emphasising on the strong yet feminine aspects of the product. B. Secondly, â€Å"Earth†will bring attention on the environmentally-friendly nature of the products C. And lastly, the â€Å"Air†theme showcases the comfort level of the products. D. This is a proposal for an advertisement spread in Seventeen selling The Body Shop Bath Body products. ?There is a choice of three themes for the campaign, â€Å"Fire†, â€Å"Earth†, and â€Å"Water†. The recommended products for the 4-ad campaign are to be bath shower gel, body lotion, body butter, and body scrub. P2: Potential (3 paras) I. The Body Shop is currently lacking of advertisement directed to teenagers. A. For a cosmetics retail company, The Body Shop noticeably lacks of photographs of models with beautiful hair and perfect skin, which would attract attention of teenagers. B. Currently, The Body Shop is targeting working adults and the advertisement that they made is leaned more towards a mature image. This image does not appeal to teenagers. II. The Body Shop does not appeal to teenagers and in doing so, it loses a huge number of potential customers. A. Teenagers are not attracted to The Body Shop because of a lack of celebrity representation. B. With the lack of advertisement, targeted audience will not be encourage to trial purchase, brand switch and develop brand loyalty towards The Body Shop. III. Sales would be greatly boosted if The Body Shop were able to appeal to teenagers. A. The Body Shop will be able to maximise it’s profits because Singaporeans teenagers aged 15-19 are very willing to spend money on body products. B. Products such as body products could easily allow the consumer to develop brand loyalty towards the brand because they would have develop a habit for using our brand’s product. This results in repeated purchases and promotes sales in long term. P3: Possibilities (3 paras) I. The first theme, â€Å"Fire†theme will emphasize the strong yet feminine aspects of the product. A. â€Å"Fire†will pitch the products in a sexy yet elegant way, appealing to girls who want to be seen as confident and independent women. B. For example, in the Body butter advertisement, we can feature a model clad in only lingerie and high heels and applying body butter on her body. This would suggest that one would feel confident with their body after using our products. The main colour of this advertisement will be red, black and white to give off a Parisian feel, which represents elegance, yet at the same time emphasizes on the fiery and bold aspects of the theme. II. The second theme, â€Å"Earth†will focus attention on the environmentally friendly nature of the products. A. Products would come across as environmental and relaxing under the â€Å"Earth†theme and would appeal to both males and females because it makes them feel comfortable. B. The advertisement for bath shower gel portray a model unwinding in a bathtub full of soapy water, implying that she had just used the product and suggest that one would feel relaxed after using the product. The background of this advertisement could be a natural setting filled with trees and plants to emphasize on the nature aspects of the theme. III. The third theme, the â€Å"Air†theme, will showcase the comfort level of the products. A. Under the â€Å"Air†theme, products would be pitch as simple yet lasting comfort, appealing to both genders because of the theme’s purity and freshness. B. One example of a body lotion advertisement under the â€Å"Air†theme is to do a compare and contrast of a model who applied the body lotion in the morning and the same model looking energetic and fresh at night to represent the lasting effects and the comfort level can be seen through the model’s cheerful appearance. The advertisement would be in pastel colours to emphasize on the theme’s purity. P4: Proposal (3 paras) I. We have decided to go with the â€Å"Earth†theme because it highlights the key feature of our product and will be effective in attracting our target audience’s interest. A. The Body Shop unique selling point is being environmentally friendly and it is also what the audience associate The Body Shop with. By going along with this theme, audience are able to identify The Body Shop because our concept will be consistent. B. B. Our target audience have a very hectic lifestyle and by portraying a product, which comes across as relaxing to them is a very feasible idea because it is what the target audience need and that is also what they are looking for. This will thus increase sales of the products. II. We have rejected the â€Å"Fire†theme because it doesn’t specifically appeals to our target audiences. A. The â€Å"Fire†theme might seem over-mature to our target audiences and they would not want to be associated with such image. B. The â€Å"Fire†theme might also be inappropriate and clashes with The Body Shop image because The Body Shop has always emphasize that beauty can be achieve even without baring a lot of skin. II. We have also rejected the â€Å"Air†theme because it’s concept is very common in Body products. A. The concept of comfort in a body product is not unique and thus, would not be effective in attracting the targeted audience as it doesn’t stand out. B. Audiences are easily able to find cheaper alternatives with the same benefits. *Total number of paras: 11 (do not create any more paragraphs†¦ it’s 11, no more, no fewer) Body Shop Proposal A. This is because they choose to focus on targeting working adults which is leaned towards a mature image and does not appeals to teens. B. They will lose the potential to increase their sales volume if this continues. II. There are three main possible themes that we would like to propose. A. Firstly, â€Å"Fire†will be emphasising on the strong yet feminine aspects of the product. B. Secondly, â€Å"Earth†will bring attention on the environmentally-friendly nature of the products C. And lastly, the â€Å"Air†theme showcases the comfort level of the products. D. This is a proposal for an advertisement spread in Seventeen selling The Body Shop Bath Body products. ?There is a choice of three themes for the campaign, â€Å"Fire†, â€Å"Earth†, and â€Å"Water†. The recommended products for the 4-ad campaign are to be bath shower gel, body lotion, body butter, and body scrub. P2: Potential (3 paras) I. The Body Shop is currently lacking of advertisement directed to teenagers. A. For a cosmetics retail company, The Body Shop noticeably lacks of photographs of models with beautiful hair and perfect skin, which would attract attention of teenagers. B. Currently, The Body Shop is targeting working adults and the advertisement that they made is leaned more towards a mature image. This image does not appeal to teenagers. II. The Body Shop does not appeal to teenagers and in doing so, it loses a huge number of potential customers. A. Teenagers are not attracted to The Body Shop because of a lack of celebrity representation. B. With the lack of advertisement, targeted audience will not be encourage to trial purchase, brand switch and develop brand loyalty towards The Body Shop. III. Sales would be greatly boosted if The Body Shop were able to appeal to teenagers. A. The Body Shop will be able to maximise it’s profits because Singaporeans teenagers aged 15-19 are very willing to spend money on body products. B. Products such as body products could easily allow the consumer to develop brand loyalty towards the brand because they would have develop a habit for using our brand’s product. This results in repeated purchases and promotes sales in long term. P3: Possibilities (3 paras) I. The first theme, â€Å"Fire†theme will emphasize the strong yet feminine aspects of the product. A. â€Å"Fire†will pitch the products in a sexy yet elegant way, appealing to girls who want to be seen as confident and independent women. B. For example, in the Body butter advertisement, we can feature a model clad in only lingerie and high heels and applying body butter on her body. This would suggest that one would feel confident with their body after using our products. The main colour of this advertisement will be red, black and white to give off a Parisian feel, which represents elegance, yet at the same time emphasizes on the fiery and bold aspects of the theme. II. The second theme, â€Å"Earth†will focus attention on the environmentally friendly nature of the products. A. Products would come across as environmental and relaxing under the â€Å"Earth†theme and would appeal to both males and females because it makes them feel comfortable. B. The advertisement for bath shower gel portray a model unwinding in a bathtub full of soapy water, implying that she had just used the product and suggest that one would feel relaxed after using the product. The background of this advertisement could be a natural setting filled with trees and plants to emphasize on the nature aspects of the theme. III. The third theme, the â€Å"Air†theme, will showcase the comfort level of the products. A. Under the â€Å"Air†theme, products would be pitch as simple yet lasting comfort, appealing to both genders because of the theme’s purity and freshness. B. One example of a body lotion advertisement under the â€Å"Air†theme is to do a compare and contrast of a model who applied the body lotion in the morning and the same model looking energetic and fresh at night to represent the lasting effects and the comfort level can be seen through the model’s cheerful appearance. The advertisement would be in pastel colours to emphasize on the theme’s purity. P4: Proposal (3 paras) I. We have decided to go with the â€Å"Earth†theme because it highlights the key feature of our product and will be effective in attracting our target audience’s interest. A. The Body Shop unique selling point is being environmentally friendly and it is also what the audience associate The Body Shop with. By going along with this theme, audience are able to identify The Body Shop because our concept will be consistent. B. B. Our target audience have a very hectic lifestyle and by portraying a product, which comes across as relaxing to them is a very feasible idea because it is what the target audience need and that is also what they are looking for. This will thus increase sales of the products. II. We have rejected the â€Å"Fire†theme because it doesn’t specifically appeals to our target audiences. A. The â€Å"Fire†theme might seem over-mature to our target audiences and they would not want to be associated with such image. B. The â€Å"Fire†theme might also be inappropriate and clashes with The Body Shop image because The Body Shop has always emphasize that beauty can be achieve even without baring a lot of skin. II. We have also rejected the â€Å"Air†theme because it’s concept is very common in Body products. A. The concept of comfort in a body product is not unique and thus, would not be effective in attracting the targeted audience as it doesn’t stand out. B. Audiences are easily able to find cheaper alternatives with the same benefits. *Total number of paras: 11 (do not create any more paragraphs†¦ it’s 11, no more, no fewer)
Friday, October 18, 2019
Russian taxation and tax optimization schemes Essay
Russian taxation and tax optimization schemes - Essay Example Tax optimization schemes can therefore be said to be the structuring and organizing of a company’s or individual’s activities in order to reduce of minimize that their tax liabilities. This exercise which is becoming legal increases the amount of money maybe a company wishes to reinvest in its productive assets or even distribute among its shareholders (Saez, Slemrod, and Giertz 13 –50). There is no way to escape interacting with the tax authorities. Of the surveys conducted in the recent past, it emerges that there has been charged additional tax liabilities which are related to VAT and profit tax. These tax charges were due to insufficient economic documentation and justification. There has been consistent strengthening of the tax policy in Russia. This has lead to a marked reduction of tax payments. The Russian government introduced changes. These tax changes protect the integrity of the country’s tax system. These changes included the introduction of a mendments to the general anti-tax avoidance provisions. These are part of the tax optimization schemes that Russia is implementing. They include income tax exemptions and the introduction of the option of a tax liability in cases where a tenant qualifies for tax deductions. There are also schemes that let companies avoid declaring de facto members of staff as employees. This frees such staff from the obligation of paying high payroll taxes which my go up to thirty percent of one’s salary. This paper will look at income taxes or VAT and the tax Optimization schemes (Selen 17-67). Income taxes or VAT in Russia in 2012 and the tax Optimization schemes According to Ernst & Young (14 – 32), one of the structures for optimization in Russian that is most common is the creation and the usage of the of the corporate profit centers in the internal offshore zones as well as in foreign offshore jurisdictions. This has created an environment whereby some certain taxpayers are relea sed from taxation and the administrative territorial formations enjoying reductions in the tax rates in federal taxation. By utilizing these optimization schemes, they result to an effective profit tax rate. Most companies are employing these optimization schemes because of that they need to disclose their statements, so they can be issued with foreign securities, or obtain loans from foreign banks or even in cases of multinational mergers. Compared to other countries round the world the Russian Federation offers more protection to taxpayers. This is done by putting the burden of proving the usage of illegal tax shelters on the tax authorities. This has resulted to having the tax inspectorate taking the taxpayers to court to prove that tax shelters are illegal and in most cases the inspectorate loses such (Ernst & Young 14 – 32). The draconian rules that exist in other parts of the world, for instance the disclosure rules that were introduced in order to evaluate in United Ki ngdom the Inland Revenue on tax planning in advance, do not exist in Russia (Long 855-869). Russian businesses and foreign investors will at times be embroiled in tax disputes with the tax authorities. Due to changes introduced in tax laws which require a taxpayer to appeal to the highest tax authority before proceeding to court, it has really reduced these tax disputes. The tax optimization schemes have created an opportunity whereby conclusive amicable agreements with the tax authorities are reached during the litigation process (Long 855-869).
PESTEL analysis Courier and Delivery market UK Essay
PESTEL analysis Courier and Delivery market UK - Essay Example The economic factors in the United Kingdom courier industry constitute a substantial reason for the general outlook to same (MSI 2000). To expound on this, the courier industry in the United Kingdom operates in different places around the globe. There are many companies from the United Kingdom which command global influence (Campbell 2001). This has necessitated the companies to look for choices that facilitate smooth interactions between their choices (Monaghan 1998). The courier industries in the United Kingdom have an unusually high demand, and this had caused the economic landscape of the United Kingdom courier industry to keep changing. This has caused the airline industry in the United Kingdom to have an economic boom. In the delivery of documents and packages, speed is vital (Crew & Kleindorfer 1999). The environmental factors in the United Kingdom courier industry cover the governmental legislation and regulation. This is because the policies of the government in United Kingdom have created a favourable business environment for the rise of the industry or vice versa. Some government believes in subsidizing local industries with an aim of increasing their effectiveness and global influence (Luff 2009). When the government policies and legislation proposes heavy taxation of local courier industry in the United Kingdom, then the business environment of the industry is altered, and the companies begin to strain (Campbell 2001). According to Campbell, the environmental factors include the population gross domestic product, GDP. This affects the competitiveness of the industry. When ordinary citizens have a string purchasing power, then they are likely to hire the services of the courier industry in the United Kingdom which raises their turnover (Luff 2009). The competition of the cour ier industry in the United Kingdom is exceptionally high (MSI 2000). The recent spread of recession of the economy that was spread from the United States of America affected the courier industry in the United Kingdom (Monaghan 1998). This indicates that the health of ht economy is extremely crucial for the growth of the industry in the United Kingdom (Crew & Kleindorfer 1999). The rise of oil prices caused many airline industries t cut down the size of their fleet, which affected many courier industries in the United Kingdom. In extreme cases, this led to the closure of some courier companies which could not meet the demands of the industry. Therefore, the company could not be operational (Monaghan 1998). Many others were forced to downsize their workforce, and this affected their capability. This has forced managers to take appropriate actions to make sure their industries maintain a competitive edge over their competitors. Many courier industries in the United Kingdom operate in o ver 200 countries around the globe. Each country has a different business atmosphere with because of the territorial difference in terms of regulations and rules. Each and every country has different barriers when it comes to new entrants (MSI 2000). For instance, china has extraordinarily high barriers to new entrants compared to countries like Kuwait and Sri-lanka which have low barriers. When it comes to foreign direct investments, many countries have different
Art Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Art Analysis - Research Paper Example The image’s materials comprise diverse plants, fruits and vegetables that normally represent Europe’s annual four seasons. The Initial glance, which entails a casual look usually is more fascinating, which captures a person’s attention besides curiosity captivated by the artist’s fantasy. The image’s mainframe encompasses a tree knotty trunk on which the artist makes holes for the ears, mouth and eyes, whereas other features he employs fruits, vegetables and plant twigs (Kaufmann 45). Arcimboldo in making this image initially he preferred a very knotty trunk as the mainframe where he proceeded on to make holes on it (Kaufmann 26). The holes were for mouth, eyes and ears coupled with making dents at some areas for the knotty trunk to assume the actual shape of a human head. Arcimboldo does not utilize any mode of technique or process but instead employs immensely his creative imagination coupled with fantasy. Consequently, his unique technique contrasted with the then artwork’s styles and genres, which earned him critics who accused him of having defied the accepted art’s regulations (Kaufmann 61). Conversely, these critics did not become a hindrance to his style but continued instead. In this image, Arcimboldo besides using the branched knotty trunk, he also employs moss strands to represent beard or hair, sunflower on the chest and shoulder, plaited straw cloak and fruits (grapes hanging from the twigs and apples) (Kaufmann 170). The most striking features of the 60.4 x 44.7 cm image encompass the protruding twigs and numerous stumps, which seem embedded on the entire man’s face. Hence, this gives the image actual texture of a man’s face, which extends even to the neck like a real portrait. Additionally, the light illuminates mostly in the front contrary to the back, which prompts the image to be having limited space in front than at its rear. This image’s content entails featuring the annual seasons
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Experience about film or video related art field Essay
Experience about film or video related art field - Essay Example On Saturday and Sunday, the timing for visit to DIA starts at 10am in the morning and continues till 5 pm in the evening. On Wednesday and Thursday, one can visit DIA between 10 am and 4 pm. Friday happens to be the longest day in which the visit to DIA can be made. On Friday, visitors can make a trip to DIA from 10am till 10 pm. I also visited the Museum on Friday so that I would have maximum time inside it. DIA’s collection of art is very vast. It has compiled art work from all over the world. This makes it extremely diverse in its collection. Number of artworks presently contained in DIA exceeds 60000 which came from different parts of the world. Among all forms of art, the two that I liked the most were the classic work and the cutting edge work. The perceptions of the visitors about art are enriched through a visit to the Museum. DIA has developed partnership with quite a lot of hotels in its vicinity so that the visitors can be fully facilitated in every way and the visi t can be made as enjoyable as possible. There are superb gadgets and accessories in the Museum Shop at DIA. Visitors can see few extremely nice and unique accessories in this shop, many of which are not easy to find elsewhere in the world. I found a wonderful clock in the Museum Shop at DIA, and could not help purchasing it. It cost me $90. Unfortunately I did not have membership with the Shop.
Call For Further Research To Enhance Organizational Behavior Theory Essay
Call For Further Research To Enhance Organizational Behavior Theory - Essay Example Nowadays, the organization is the principal form of employment for people around the world, and under scrutiny from all quarters. The twenty first century began with a great deal of excitement especially as the innovatory technologies of the twentieth century started to appear commonplace and every organization had already been supplied with tools through academic research to deal with additional massive organizational changes in the offing. The discipline of organizational behavior had been through its trials and tests, finally emerging as an indispensable area of learning for all twenty first century managers to have gone through. Arthur P. Brief and Howard M. Weiss (2002) describe this relatively new field of applied psychology thus: Organizations act as the engine of the world economy in our day. So, for the first time in the previous century, the psychology of workers in an organization became a focal issue in studying organizations. Employee development, organizational citizenship, organizational attachment, work attitudes, job design, turnover, leadership, absenteeism, and employee work motivation turned out to be the centers of attention with advances in psychological theory and changes in the workplace (Mowday and Sutton 1993). Developments in the understanding of personality, emotion, and cognition, and their influence on work choices and goal striving were thoroughly investigated. The entire human resources departments world over were revolutionized at the same time as economic, technological and organizational changes encouraged further research on the influence of sociocultural and environmental factors on motivation. The emergence of new theories, paradigms, and organizational concerns not only provid ed a rich matrix for the study of organizational behavior, but also provided firms with a rather attractive framework for organizational behavior modification, and in general, the art of running a firm with reference to its people (Kanfer 2006). By the end of the twentieth century it was evident that we have a borderless, international economy (Hodgetts 1999). Organizations with multinational structures could more conveniently apply the standards described in organizational behavior theory and achieve well for themselves and their communities. An organization with international outreach meant that there were many other organizations in the same boat facing the world economy as the primary source of inspiration. Applying latest international research in organizational behavior was definitely easier and more lucrative for them, just as the use of latest developments in computer technology was made mandatory in these organizations before others.Organizational behavior experts in the twentieth century did not need to give attention to tremendous transformations about to affect the world economy beginning in the twenty first century. There was no way for them to predict the effects
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Parents or Prisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Parents or Prisons - Essay Example This paper would be dealing with. Morse’s arguments in three points. First, the article stated some news reporting the dumping of a dismembered body by two boys. Such news is common even before because the crime appeals to sensationalism that makes the reading public buy newspapers. Grisly accounts of murders, whether or not involving parents is common since ancient times. Then, the news article was linked by Ms. Morse to the budget cuts imposed by city Mayors except for the Department of Corrections. Apparently, the article missed to establish the main reasons why budget spending for prisons were not part of said budget cuts. The Department of Corrections spending needs to be increased simply because the increasing rate of population also produces a higher incidence of criminality. This doesn’t mean that majority of the crimes can be attributed to juvenile delinquency as caused by children from single-parent homes. There are many factors why the Bureau of Corrections h as to increase spending which the author failed to explain. Instead, the news reports were directly correlated to incidence of juvenile delinquency which lacked substantial evidence. Second, the article cited some studies that link mental illness and single parents.
Call For Further Research To Enhance Organizational Behavior Theory Essay
Call For Further Research To Enhance Organizational Behavior Theory - Essay Example Nowadays, the organization is the principal form of employment for people around the world, and under scrutiny from all quarters. The twenty first century began with a great deal of excitement especially as the innovatory technologies of the twentieth century started to appear commonplace and every organization had already been supplied with tools through academic research to deal with additional massive organizational changes in the offing. The discipline of organizational behavior had been through its trials and tests, finally emerging as an indispensable area of learning for all twenty first century managers to have gone through. Arthur P. Brief and Howard M. Weiss (2002) describe this relatively new field of applied psychology thus: Organizations act as the engine of the world economy in our day. So, for the first time in the previous century, the psychology of workers in an organization became a focal issue in studying organizations. Employee development, organizational citizenship, organizational attachment, work attitudes, job design, turnover, leadership, absenteeism, and employee work motivation turned out to be the centers of attention with advances in psychological theory and changes in the workplace (Mowday and Sutton 1993). Developments in the understanding of personality, emotion, and cognition, and their influence on work choices and goal striving were thoroughly investigated. The entire human resources departments world over were revolutionized at the same time as economic, technological and organizational changes encouraged further research on the influence of sociocultural and environmental factors on motivation. The emergence of new theories, paradigms, and organizational concerns not only provid ed a rich matrix for the study of organizational behavior, but also provided firms with a rather attractive framework for organizational behavior modification, and in general, the art of running a firm with reference to its people (Kanfer 2006). By the end of the twentieth century it was evident that we have a borderless, international economy (Hodgetts 1999). Organizations with multinational structures could more conveniently apply the standards described in organizational behavior theory and achieve well for themselves and their communities. An organization with international outreach meant that there were many other organizations in the same boat facing the world economy as the primary source of inspiration. Applying latest international research in organizational behavior was definitely easier and more lucrative for them, just as the use of latest developments in computer technology was made mandatory in these organizations before others.Organizational behavior experts in the twentieth century did not need to give attention to tremendous transformations about to affect the world economy beginning in the twenty first century. There was no way for them to predict the effects
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Cultural framework Essay Example for Free
Cultural framework Essay Aside from individual perceptions and resources available to the individual and the community, interventions aimed at reducing and mitigating the spread of HIV infections must take into account the existence of social support systems in the community and society where individuals are located. For one, the availability of support either from friends, family, or community community influences an individual’s decision to adopt or change his or her lifestyle to mirror the objectives of health promotion programs. At the same time, the behaviors and lifestyles of an individual’s friends, family, or community itself may be promoting values and norms that contribute to HIV risk factors. The experiences of the HIV Prevention Planning Council of the San Francisco Health Department (2004) point to the presence of three negative influences that prevent HIV- affected individuals from seeking counselling and treatment and at the same time facilitate the continued transmission of the disease to the general populace. The first among these factors is the prevalence of drug use (p. 14), which promotes both the acceptability of substance abuse as a form of recreation and risky sexual behavior. These values are particularly dominant among San Francisco’s gay communities, whose population unsurprisingly have the biggest number of HIV infections. A second factor is San Francisco’s liberal culture (p. 13), which means that society may be more permissive of and may condone risky sexual behavior that would be deemed unacceptable in other places. The growing acceptability of risky sexual behavior and the decreasing popularity of condom use becomes a motivation for individuals to engage in activities that expose them to possible HIV infection. Moreover, the liberal culture within San Francisco’s communities may be reinforcing the acceptability of drug use, especially among poorer neighborhoods. Zierler and Krieger (1997, p. 405) note that poor communities may find substance abuse appealing, or at least find it inoffensive, since it serves both as a source of livelihood and as a source of recreation and stimulation. On the other hand, the ironic existence of racist and discriminatory attitudes within liberal San Francisco (San Francisco Health Department, 2004, p. 8) may discourage people of color, gay, and male-to-female transgendered individuals from seeking help when they become infected by HIV due to the fear that they will be doubly stigmatized by carrying the disease. Although San Francisco’s liberal values and attitudes may have negative effects on efforts to curb the HIV epidemic, these same values also provide a positive influence in combatting HIV. For one, San Francisco’s â€Å"progressive thinking and liberal policies†(San Francisco Health Department, 2004, p. 13) also enables individuals infected with HIV to easily gain the support of their friends, families, and communities, which could provide enough encouragement for them to adopt healthier lifestyles. San Francisco’s openness and diversity also allow individuals to create and live their own lifestyles with minimal pressure to conform to dominant beliefs and values which could help individuals avoid popular but negative influences on lifestyle choices. Likewise, the liberal culture within many communities enables individuals to seek support from peers such as the gay community when one’s own family displays reluctance to provide support to the individual affected by HIV. Clearly, HIV intervention programs could utilize the existence of positive social support structures in a society in order to successfully combat HIV. At the same time, these programs must be able to address and mitigate the negative influence of an individual’s social support network, including the values and attitudes of friends or family members which discourage an individual from changing his or her lifestyle to reduce HIV risk and exposure. Works Cited: San Francisco Department of Public Health. (2004). 2004 San Francisco HIV prevention plan. Retrieved February 5, 2009, from http://sfhiv. org/documents/Complete2004SanFranciscoHIVPreventionPlan. pdf Zierler, S. Krieger, (1997). Reframing women’s risk: social inequalities and HIV infection. Annual Review of Public Health 18:401–36.
Monday, October 14, 2019
Learning And Development On The Job Training Management Essay
Learning And Development On The Job Training Management Essay When you are going to perform any task in your work or personal life, you will need to train at the best you can and try to gain the knowledge that will enable you to handle the work or the task properly. Training will help to improve your performance and get ready to handle something you were not aware how to handle but in this case you will have to choose the appropriate technique and method for your training. Human Resources Management includes different activities like, planning how to recruit the staff that you need as per what your organization needs, interviewing and selecting them, making sure they have the right skills and the knowledge to perform the job they are selected for with the best they can so they increase the works performance and meet with the company goals and objectives, managing their benefits and compensation, planning for their bonuses and motivations periodically, managing and keeping their records, and the most important aspect which how to train them using all the training methods and techniques in order for them to capture the appropriate information, knowledge and skills related to their new job that will lead to developing the personnel who will be working in the company therefore developing the organization. We are going to speak into depth on one of the most effective and most frequently used types of training On the job training. On the job training does ha ve so many advantages that helps meet the expectations of the training, but it can also have few disadvantages if it is not properly planned and executed. The bottom-line: You need to train people, you need to train them quickly, and you need to find a low-cost, yet effective way to do that. You also need to improve morale and develop responsible, loyal, high-performing employees. And, you know that the old way of training people on-the-job i.e., the degenerating buddy system, follow Joe around, or unstructured OJT simply does not workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Team OJT, HPA, 2008) On the job training is one of the best methods of training. For most of the employees, On the job training forms the most important part of their learning and development when they first join the company. It will keep them in a close contact with their colleagues and that will help forming a strong spirit among the team. Usually, this type of training is planned by the supervisor or manager, its their responsibility to use the available resources and benefit from their best existing staff experience and skills to develop their new employees. To successfully organize it, they need to assign one the best performing employees to be the coach for the new joiner. The trainee will be using the same equipments, materials and tools that he will use when performing his real job. Its an effective way where the trainee acquires the knowledge and skills at the actual work place. The trainee will learn by watching and observing someone very well experienced doing the job in the real work location. Most of the trainees find it more practical and more effective when learning directly from their colleagues instead of learning through materials in training classes. This training is effective as it is delivered before the new employee starts performing the actual and real job in the workplace like that, the trainee will be able to practice the real job in the workplace he will be working in and he/she will be having an immediate feedback on the challenges that he/she will be facing. Also, when one of the colleagues is coaching the new member this will help him integrate into the team. On the job training is also a benefit for the organization as it is generally cost effective since they dont have to organize a special and separate training for the new joiners. The new employee will be joining the team and using the tools and equipments they are using and no extra equipments will be needed. It works very well for the organization as the On the job training will be held in the same working hours and no training periods is dedicated for training the new employees and that usually have a training allowance which may be lower than the regular pay scale for the job. And the trainee might not have to travel to another location for the training. He or she will be in the same work place as the manager and that will enable the manager to give an instant feedback leading the new employee to grow faster in the job. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦OJT is regularly low-cost as no particular tools are required other than from what is usually applied on the job (Gubman, 1998) The new employees will have more confidence when they are being trained in their actual work location among their colleagues or team members, they will live and feel the real work environment, getting to know more the people they will be working with and the manager they will be dealing with, building expectations and getting motivated by how fast they can prove themselves and build a good relation and trust. They will feel more comfortable and at ease when they are trained with people they know rather than strangers who are holding and teaching a training course and do not know much about the work challenges more than an colleagues performing and facing real challenges every working day. Its an interface between the learning and work environment, like a transition from university to work. On the job training is productive as the employees will be working while they are learning and they will allow them to have more confidence hence working on a high standard. On the other hand, when the On the job training is not planned properly, It can not be executed properly. And the trainee will get a vague picture of the company as he will be receiving missing or wrong information. It may sometimes overload the trainee with so much information when too much information is provided in the training session. The trainer should have the knowledge and experience to train someone else. Providing the new comer with the knowledge that he/she will refer to when they are actually working is very important and critical. The trainer should have the teaching and coaching skills to provide the correct and most accurate information to the new joiner and prevent providing any misleading information or bad habits. Having someone from the existing employees coaching a new employee is very critical as the supervisor or manager who assigned this person for this task should ensure that this assignee does not have bad habits to avoid passing it to the trainee. The trainer might provide instructions based on how they feel and whats important to them. But what is important to them, it may not be important to another or for the work of the organization. Also, if the trainer does not have a structured plan, he/she might miss or forget to cover some important points which may lead the trainee to incomplete info rmation. While attending On the job training, sometimes the trainer will miss out covering in details and accuracy some theories of the operation and the trainee will be missing very important information. As the new employee is having a lack in his knowledge base which will lead to a poor decision making and it will be difficult for him facing some daily challenges when things are not going exactly as they learned. If the trainer was not the right person for the job, he might lead the trainee to bad habits and attitudes as the new employee will be adopting the same habits in work, safety, customer service, and even his relationship with the management or colleagues. One of the major problems the trainer will be facing while holding the training, is being able to manage his job and tasks properly and at the same time being able to give the appropriate time to the trainee and giving him the attention he/she needs to be able to attend his queries and provide him/her with good knowledge base and experience as required, its very difficult to find the right person among the team to perform both the tasks equally and assigning the right time they need for each activity, they should be really careful not to pass the bad work habits and teach the learner accurate, relevant information and methods. Each employee requires more learning in order to improve his /her skills, no matter how best a candidate is, he/she can not be 100% percent qualifiedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (American Society, 2007) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Thus, OJT is important both to the organization and the trainees who are being trained. OJT is beneficial to the organization in the manner that it offers cheap to carry out as the main resources required is time only. After which it offers the organizations with trained employees who understands well the organization culture objectives and goals. And thus able to achieve the much required high production and effective working. To the trainees, OJT offers them a practical and easy way of learning while they are working giving them a unique opportunity to practice what you have learnt. According to many scholars this is the best way of learning since offers the right tools and environment for learningà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Ruffini, F et al. 2000). The trainer may not have sufficient knowledge or skills then On the job training may be inappropriate and if its not done effectively, it can damage the work objectives. Its about finding the right person to perform this task. Leaving aside these disadvantages, On the job training can give benefit for both the company and the new employee. Since On-The Job Training is performed at the work place, the trainee will be focused on performing real job tasks and gaining real experience. Although On-The Job Training is often the most practical training method when you only need to train a couple of employees at a time but another training methods and techniques will be complementary to provide the new employee all the required skills and knowledge base about the products, services and systems in the organization.
Sunday, October 13, 2019
The School Voucher Debate Essay -- essays papers
The School Voucher Debate In the education community, few issues stir up as much debate as the notion of providing government-funded aid, in the form of vouchers, to parents so that they may send their children to private schools. The voucher movement has been gaining momentum since Wisconsin implemented the first voucher program in 1990, but only few states have adopted such programs. Although the courts have upheld the constitutionality of vouchers, there is still a lack of consensus amongst the public over the issue. The underlying disagreements that surround the issue of vouchers revolve around three main controversies: constitutionality, influence on student achievement, and impact on public schools. The idea of school choice is not a new one. Since the late 1980s school choice has become a popular strategy for â€Å"reforming American education and equalizing educational opportunities†(Hadderman, 2002). School choice is a broad term that is used to describe charter schools, home-schooling, for-profit companies, and vouchers. Parents who wish to select schools for their children do so for academic, religious, or moral reasons, and usually select schools that reflect their own beliefs. The concept of educational vouchers originated with Milton Friedman, known as the grandfather of vouchers, in the early 1960s. Friedman argued that vouchers would improve educational efficiency. Vouchers equal to the per-pupil expenditure in the public schools would be given to parents for the purpose of sending their child to whichever school they wished their child to attend, public or private. In the 1970s it was proposed that â€Å"vouchers be used for students in poor districts to remedy unconstitutional school-funding inequiti... ... community, and will continue to be an issue as more programs develop around the country. References Good, T. L., & Braden, J. S. (2000). The great school debate: Choice, vouchers, and charters. Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates. Hadderman, M. (2002). Trends and issues: School choice. Clearinghouse on educational policy and management. Retrieved March 7, 2005 from http://eric.uoregon.edu/trends_issues/choice/index.html Hanus, J. J., & Cookson, P. W., Jr. (1996). Choosing schools: Vouchers and American education. Washington, D.C.: American University Press. Reid, K. S. (2001, October 3). Poll finds support for vouchers wanes if public schools affected. Education Week, 21(5), 7. Retrieved February 27, 2005 from http://www.edweek.org Vouchers (2005). Education Week. Retrieved February 27, 2005 from http://www.edweek.org
Saturday, October 12, 2019
The notebook Essay -- essays research papers fc
Outline I.     About the author A.     The author of The Notebook is Nicholas Sparks B.     Sparks was born in Omaha, Nebraska, on New Year’s Eve. C.     He has been on the New York best seller’s list. II.     Characters A.     Noah Calhoun 1.     He is not a very wealthy person. 2.     He loves to read poetry because of his shudder problem when he was smaller. B.     Allie Nelson 1.     She is very wealthy. 2.     She loves to paint pictures. III.     Plot Summary A.     In North Carolina, Noah is haunted by images of the girl he loved and lost along time ago. B.     Allie is about to marry a wealthy lawyer, but she cannot stop thinking about the boy who long ago stole her heart. The Notebook           Just after Graduation 1932, the opening night of the Neuse River Festival, Noah met his friends Fin and Sarah there. Fin and Sarah were talking to a girl that Noah thought was beautiful, her name was Allie. They hung out at the festival and drank some cherry Cokes until it closed. After that Noah and Allie could not be kept apart. They spent the summer days falling in love and h...
Friday, October 11, 2019
Disolving stress living The Present
Stress is the emotional, mental and physical response to the ever changing environment; in an attempt to adapt to the new outer circumstances, the person produces stress. Stress itself is not good neither bad, since our bodies are designed to produce stress. I keep us alert and active. The problem starts when we cross the limit of disturbance and make it chronic; this is when we feel stress about situations that don’t require such an alterative state of mind.Stress is present in our society, especially in the big cities and capitals where is aggravated by the noise, traffic and long distances. Stress can be cause by anything that requires a person to adjust to a new situation and this depend on how every person takes an event, since every human being is unique, there are so many ways of experiencing stress and the causes that can produce it. In a certain way, stress is necessary to live, but if not controlled; it can disturb seriously the person who suffers it.Young women face higher risks of stress, especially the working ones but it seems the damaging effects of stress on them is minimised by the fact that they speak out about it; on the contrary, men seem to keep it for themselves. Lately it seems stress is starting to affect even children and teenagers; some suggest they may be â€Å"learning†it from their parents. Also, White race seems more sensitive to stress than Black and Asian race and the more educated is a person, the more stress can experience. For stress management has nothing to do with intellectual learning but experimental, is an attitude towards life.Maybe the reason is that the most educated have a very high sense of must, while the non- educated is not aware of the opportunities that is missing (not involved in the rat race). Personally, what I learnt about stress is that is almost impossible to get rid of it by itself, is necessary to apply consciousness in order to become calmer, quieter, try to live the moment and not live in the future nor in the past but let life just to unfold itself, day by day, and solve the issues that the moment brings, when they come to light (not try to solve them in mind before they happen).In order to review the literature on stress and describe both the processes and sources of stress, as well as methods for coping, a literature search was conducted which identified 3 studies that were relevant to the questions in this paper, one of them about the work related stress, another on relation between mindfulness and stress and another on relation between breast cancer and stress. RESULTS Stress could be then thought of as an exaggerated reaction of the body that acts upon an external circumstance on a non proportional way.It causes emotional suffering to the person who carries it and it can even develop in depression. The physiological reactions are nervousness physical upsetting, tiredness, etc.. Therefore, meditation proves very successful in the treatment of stress. Also, a realistic view of life can help, avoiding living on desires or sheer of imagination. Also Bach flowers may help without having to suffer any side effects.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
What Is the Origin of Law
What’s the origin of law? God the creator Religion European Colonization- the process of where other countries go to other countries to make them there on. 13 colonies 1. South Carolina 2. Georgia 3. Virginia 4. Pennsylvania 5. New York 6. New Jersey 7. New Hampshire 8. Massachusetts 9. Maryland 10. Connecticut 11. Delaware 12. North Carolina 13. Rhode Island Cause and Effect of the American Revolution The American Revolution was caused by events that affected both the patriots of America and the loyalists of Britain.Before the American Revolution led to the independence of the 13 colonies of America in the latter half of the 18th century, small upheavals in individual states were seen throughout the country. Among these were the French and Indian War. This war spanned nine years, but it was known in England as the Seven Years War. It was a clear picture of how the Frenchmen and the Englishmen both wanted supreme power over the lands of America and wanted to become masters of the trade that each represented.France lost the war, and England imposed the Stamp Act on all written documents in America to be able to pay debts incurred during the war. They put taxes on virtually everything, including paper, tea, glass and paint. These tax issues then led to the American Revolution ten years later. After the Declaration of Independence, the 13 colonies were formed what is now known as the United States of America. The 13 colonies were divided into three: New England colonies, middle colonies and southern colonies. These tates had ultimately determined that the British rule would never again gain their allegiance, thus severing any ties to the English crown. The United States of America won/drew the Revolutionary War with the help of France, Spain, Dutch Republic and the British (Yes the British also helped the US). Americas 1st Army was set up during the Revolutionary War, it was set up trained and led by British troops who had turned on their own country. Also the Revolutionary War â€Å"Officially ended†with the signing of the Treaty of Paris.British people held mass protests in Britain and demanded their King sign the Treaty Of Paris end the War and Bring their troops back home and give America back their independence, the King signed it and officially ended the war. Many Historians worldwide have different opinions on if the Revolutionary War was a win or a draw because of the British King officially ending the war by signing the treaty and the fact that the War was technically Brits VS Brits anyway.Also the British were fighting 3 other more important Wars in other parts of the world at the same time as the Revolutionary War, even though they were outnumbered in all 4 Wars they still went on to win those 3 other Wars, the Revolutionary War was the least important as America was a young country with not much for the British Empire to gain, the 3 other wars they were fighting in other parts of the world had a lot to lose and a l ot to gain, the troops that were fighting in America were needed elsewhere. Revolutionary War There were several reasons that enabled the Americans to win the Revolutionary War.The main reasons are the alliance with France and the Guerrilla Warfare of Marion's Brigade and the attack of British supply bases. The alliance with the France supplied the colonists with weapons, fleets and soldiers greatly. The Patriots' soldiers were low- experienced and the Continental Navy were newborn army who didn't have enough fleets to defend themselves (The British ships were massive and large in numbers). Only with the support of the French, were able to put up a fight against Britain. Marion's Brigade were a group of Patriots who used the Guerrilla Warfare strategy to fight against the British.The Guerrilla Warfare is still currently used in wars and it is a series of swift, hit & run attacks. In the Naval War, the Patriots, rather than attacking the main forces of the British ships, attacked the supply ships and bases in the Bahamas. That caused the British navy to suffer greatly and delay their attacks. These are the main reasons why and how the colonists of the American Revolutionary War were able to win the war. Motivation Patriots fought for their lives, their property, and their political ideals. Popular Support Many civilians actively supported the Revolution.Patriots used many techniques to rally popular support. Leadership Rebellion broke out across the continent. American generals learned from their mistakes. Washington inspired loyalty and patriotism in his troops. Foreign allies France supplied money and troops. France and Spain weakened British forces by expanding the war. The Dutch helped carry French military supplies to the Americans with communication and supplies. Americans fought close to home; the militia made sure that the British could not live off the land. Troop strength, although Americans had fewer troops, Local militia helped swell American forces .Altogether, 250,000 may have fought for the Patriot cause. Article of confederation- the first document of congress. Meaning of this article is the loose collection of states. Georgia delegates 1. Abraham Baldwin 2. Archibald Bulloch 3. William Few 4. William Gibbons 5. Lyman Hall 6. John Houstoun 7. William Houstoun 8. Noble Wimberly Jones Common law Three branches of government Legislative- congress makes law. Executive –president enforces the law. Judicial – Supreme Court Justice Legislative- two branches senate and house of representative Executive- 1 presidentJudicial- 9 members- scotus Concentrated power is dangerous. Meaning 1 person with power can go mad with power. Week 2 Notes Sources of law 1. statutory law- legislative body made by congress consistent of federal and state 2. common law- laws handed down from old laws from Europe handed down by tradition 3. constitutional law- made from the constitution 4. model penal code- A. L. I a group that came up with regulations they try to write ways law are written by changing it with a recommendation Judicial branch: we as the United States have to dual court system. State and federal.Federal-congress State- Georgia general assembly or whatever state you are in. Trials Courts Trial court level is where all court cases start. Both sides are heard in this process. Trial is made into three parts opening statements, presentation of evidence, and closing arguments. District court (Federal) 94 district courts 89 in the continental 5 other areas that are United States 13 court of appeals 11 are listed other 2 are not on the appeal map which is dc circuit and federal court of appeals You can only appeal on law not fact Supreme Court Is the highest court in the land.Located in Washington D. C and is the only court in the constitution They get over 10,000 case, they usually see 70 to 100 They start hearing case on the first Monday of October and last to April 9 Members 1. John Roberts- Chief Justice à ¢â‚¬â€œ President- G. W. Bush 2. Clarence Thomas- president –G. H. W. Bush 3. Ruth Bader Ginsberg president- W. J. Clinton 4. Stephen Breyer President- W. J. Clinton 5. Antonin Scalia President- Donald W. Reagan 6. Anthony Kennedy- Donald W. Reagan 7. Sona Soto Mayor- B. H. Obama 8. Samuel Alito- G. W. Bush 9. Elena Kagan- Obama
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
The Supernatural as a Means of Protagonist Empowerment in Like Water
The Supernatural as a Means of Protagonist Empowerment in Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel and The House of the Spirits by Isabel Allende IB A1 English HL World Literature Comparative Essay Word Count: 1496 Keri-Anne Murray Candidate #: 003072-058 World Literature Comparative Essay 1 In Like Water for Chocolate and The House of the Spirits, respective authors Laura Esquivel and Isabel Allende use a connection with the supernatural to empower the protagonists in three ways. Firstly, the central characters in each story possess unique otherworldly abilities, which enable them to distance themselves from their oppressors.Secondly, the supernatural is active in providing spiritual healing of those in dire situations. Finally, supernatural events are responsible for the eventual suppression of the main antagonist of each novel, and the subsequent liberation of the protagonists. Supernatural empowerment is also used to convey the authors’ perspectives on Latin American cul ture, which will be explored in relation to each form of supernatural empowerment discussed. In both novels, the oppressors of the central characters desire to control them completely, however, the protagonists have unique abilities which come to their aid.In The House of the Spirits, author Allende uses Esteban Trueba’s desire and expectation to possess his wife Clara entirely, to portray the view that in Latin American culture, there is an implication of female inferiority and submissiveness in relationships. Allende, however, expresses a negative view of this societal expectation, by giving Clara supernatural abilities which sustain her, allowing her to detach herself from him and be independent. The reader learns that Esteban desires â€Å"far more than her body; he wanted control over that undefined and luminous aterial that lay within her†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Allende 111). The use of magical realism in this description of Clara’s â€Å"undefined and luminous†a spect emphasises her otherworldly character, creating an image of a bright light which Esteban cannot grasp with his hands, for his fingers simply pass through. It is precisely this supernatural aspect of Clara’s character which gives her strength, independence and the power to resist domination by Esteban. â€Å"He realised that Clara did not belong to him and that if she continued living in a world of apparitions †¦ she probably never would†(Allende 118).Clara’s clairvoyance and preoccupation with spirits prevent Esteban from controlling her. Whilst he becomes increasingly enraged at the unbridgeable distance between them, Clara is content, strong and empowered, thus defying the Latin American culture of female inferiority which is implied in the novel. In Like Water for Chocolate, Mama Elena has a similar obsession to Esteban’s, in desiring to control her daughter Tita’s every move. Through her description of the de la Garza family traditi on, the author portrays Latin American culture as giving family values great importance.In compliance with her family values, Tita, as the youngest daughter, is required to devote her Keri-Anne Murray Candidate #: 003072-058 World Literature Comparative Essay 2 life to the care of her mother, who strictly denies her the opportunities of love and marriage. By empowering Tita through her supernatural culinary abilities, an attribute of Tita’s character which Mama Elena cannot control, the author protests against this focus on honouring family tradition at the expense of individual rights. â€Å"In the kitchen †¦ flavours, smells, textures and the effect they could have were beyond Mama Elena’s iron command†(Esquivel 45).Tita’s domain is the kitchen, and she transfers her inner-most feelings to her cooking. The results are dishes which recreate Tita’s mood and infuse her deepest desires into those who consume the food. When Mama Elena bans all c ommunication between Tita and her love Pedro, Tita channels her emotions into her cooking to create â€Å"a new system of communication†(Esquivel 49) with Pedro. The author uses the oppressiveness of Mama Elena and the de la Garza family tradition to portray a negative image of extreme emphasis on family duties in Latin American culture.The attribution of supernatural culinary abilities to Tita allows her to escape Mama Elena’s control and bring herself closer to Pedro, and this illustrates the author’s desire for respect for individual rights in family relationships. In both novels, the supernatural plays an active part in healing those in troublesome situations. The authors describe positively an intimate Latin American culture in which a suffering individual can depend upon assistance from trusted friends, even in the most dire circumstances.Such a phenomenon occurs in The House of the Spirits, when the imprisoned Alba has resigned herself to death in a â₠¬Å"dark, frozen airless tomb†(Allende 469). Into this atmosphere of oppressive coldness, Clara materialises as a radiant apparition, â€Å"with the novel idea that the point was not to die †¦ but to survive, which would be a miracle†(Allende 469). Clara’s radiance contrasts with the darkness of the â€Å"doghouse†(Allende 469) which holds Alba, inspiring her with hope.Clara urges Alba to write a journal in her mind so that others may one day learn of â€Å"the terrible secret she was living through†(Allende 470), evoking in Alba a purpose and will to live. The author gives Clara the ability to empower others even after her death, emphasising her positive opinion of a culture of trust, selfless giving and unconditional love among friends. A similar healing phenomenon occurs in Like Water for Chocolate when Nacha’s appearance to Tita, as she eats the oxtail soup at Dr Brown’s house, restores Tita’s spiritual health and he r speech after her breakdown caused by Mama Elena. With the first sip, Nacha appeared there at Tita’s side, stroking her hair †¦ kissing her forehead†(Esquivel 114). Tita cries for the first Keri-Anne Murray Candidate #: 003072-058 World Literature Comparative Essay 3 time in six months, resulting in a â€Å"stream that was running down the stairs†(Esquivel 114). The author’s use of magical realism is effective in emphasising the emotion and miracle of the situation. Tita makes the decision to speak again; she is â€Å"fully recovered, ready to start a new life†(Esquivel 117-118).Like Clara in The House of the Spirits, Nacha possesses the ability to empower those she loves even after her death, and this element of magical realism is employed by the author to illustrate a positive perception of Latin American culture, where connections based on love and friendship can overcome even the most hopeless of circumstances. The final use of the supe rnatural allows the author to describe a culture in which disaster befalls those who bring control and malevolence to relationships which should be filled with love and friendship.In both novels, supernatural events result in the suppression of the antagonist to empower the protagonists. In The House of the Spirits, Esteban’s jealous suspicion causes him to banish his sister, Ferula, from his house, and ban her from contact with her family. In response to his cruelty, Ferula curses him: â€Å"You will always be alone! Your body and soul will shrivel up†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Allende 158). Esteban soon observes his body â€Å"shrivelling†: â€Å"he could tell from his clothes †¦ his sleeves and his pant legs were suddenly too long†(Allende 212).There is also evidence of his soul â€Å"shrivelling†: as he drives others away from him, he is indeed cursed with the fate of being alone. His violence against his daughter and his physical abuse of Clara who stands up for Blanca, sever the few weak bonds he had remaining with these members of his family. Esteban’s experience of his physical shrinking and his alienation from family, result in personal insecurities, a deflation of his ego and a sense of loneliness, and those he has mistreated are no longer oppressed by him. In Like Water for Chocolate, Tita’s wholesome cooking has adverse effects on oth Mama Elena, and Tita’s callous sister, Rosaura, indirectly resulting in their deaths. On her return to the ranch after Mama Elena is left temporarily paralysed by a group of bandits, Tita carefully prepares oxtail soup for her mother â€Å"so that she would recover completely†(Esquivel 119). Mama Elena, however, immediately detects a bitter taste, and accuses her daughter of poisoning her. Ironically, as a result of emetic overdose taken secretly to combat the imagined poison, Mama Elena eventually dies. Tita’s sister, Rosaura, suffers a similar fate. She beco mes overweight and flatulent from eating Tita’s food.While in San Antonio, Rosaura loses weight, but â€Å"all she had to do was come back to the ranch and she got fat again! †Keri-Anne Murray Candidate #: 003072-058 World Literature Comparative Essay 4 (Esquivel 192). Following her selfish proclamation of her intention to subject her daughter, Esperanza, to the oppressive family tradition of forced self-sacrifice, Rosaura dies from an extended attack of flatulence attributed to Tita’s cooking. Through the supernaturally caused deaths of Mama Elena and Rosaura, the author describes a culture of retribution for those who bring control and malevolence to relationships which should be sources of love.Their deaths liberate Tita and Esperanza, enabling them to love freely. In Like Water for Chocolate and The House of the Spirits, the supernatural is used as a positive force to empower the leading characters. Characters possess supernatural gifts which provide them w ith an untouchable inner strength; the supernatural gives them the power to heal others in dire need; and ultimately, it is the supernatural which is responsible for the downfall of the oppressors, and the liberation of the gifted characters.Furthermore, the authors use supernatural empowerment to integrate their perceptions of positive and negative aspects of Latin American culture into the novels. 5 Keri-Anne Murray Candidate #: 003072-058 World Literature Comparative Essay Works Cited Allende, Isabel. The House of the Spirits. Trans. Magda Bogin. London: Black Swan Books, 1986. Esquivel, Laura. Like Water for Chocolate. Trans. Carol Christensen and Thomas Christensen. London: Black Swan Books, 1993.
Tuesday, October 8, 2019
The Things They Carried Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
The Things They Carried - Article Example In the rest of the story these items are used as a way of emphasizing the different kinds of emotional baggage that each man carries with him. Jimmy’s photographs signify his innocence and inexperience, while other photographs are used to remember partners and children. Some items denote rank, others denote role in the army, and still others provide much needed reminders of life at home, far from the war. One question which the book explores is how far the men live out their predestined fates – some returning from the war unharmed, while others are killed, and still others are damaged by physical or mental injury. By basing the story around these tiny objects, the author seems to be saying that people’s lives can be mapped out just from looking at what they have on their person. In some ways the book confirms this initial impression that everyone just follows a set plan, as if the objects are a map to the path that the person is fated to follow, but in other ways there is a deeper questioning of the whole meaning of war. It seems to me that the book is showing the reader that human life is not negotiable, and it is predestined to go a certain way, which in turn is decoded through everyday objects. It is true that people are largely controlled by a larger fate, but at the same time acts of heroism and love single out moments when people make moral choices, and this is not due to fate. The point is that acting out of free will is an exceptional thing, while following along a predetermined path is what most people find themselves
Monday, October 7, 2019
American Type Painting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
American Type Painting - Essay Example Greenberg notes that although painting had started showing signs of modernization earlier than other arts, there are several expandable conventions embedded in the art of painting. There are a great number of conventions that artists cannot isolate and this difficulty in isolation makes painting difficult to expand and change. The author reiterates that the law of modernization is to recognize and immediately discard the facets of a medium that are not essential for its viability. The process of self-purification is observed to have come to a halt in literature as the letters have few conventions to eliminate before reaching those essential to it. Likewise, music has changed over the ages to reach an in expandable state. Most of the facets of music that can be isolated and altered or eliminated have reached the limit of change. The author makes a radical simplification with the hope that the suggested and noted simplifications may be used to overhaul the existing arts to renew vitali ty of the arts in the face of the community that is bent on rationalizing everything as well as maintain irreplaceability. Clement Greenberg was an American specialized in the field of art critic who was closely linked with the American Modern art. His work American Type painting is generally viewed as a response to the Rosenberg’s American Action Painting, but its focus is more specific. It is an observed, unrelenting and sustained attempt to refute the idea that abstract expressionist painting. has fundamentals of a break with the past. The work is a close and meticulous visual analysis to the new critics, based on the most basic element of painting rather than ideas, concepts and psychological states (Frascina, Francis, Charles Harrison & Paul, 1998). It handles the emergence and development of abstract expressionist, which mainly argues for the discrimination of color field painting linking it to impressionism rather than cubism and explains that modern art evolved while artists were perusing advanced pictorial flatness. The title of the essay shows his discomfort with abstract expressionism which he believed was erroneous. Greenberg’s piece viewed abstraction as a facet for modern painting. This is the only way for any painting work to be authentically modern. Each medium had to engage in a process of rationalization which will eventually make it distinct from other related medium. Indeed it was a necessary element of modern art work because painting was being threatened by the introduction of commerce and cliches. Figurative art and the type of anectodal subjects were frequent in the American
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